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Exploring cybersecurity law evolution in safeguarding critical infrastructure against ransomware, state-sponsored attacks, and emerging quantum threats
Open accessAbstract
The accelerating frequency and sophistication of cyberattacks have positioned cybersecurity law as a central pillar in protecting national security and global economic stability. As critical infrastructure systems including energy grids, healthcare networks, and financial institutions become increasingly digitized, the legal frameworks designed to safeguard them face unprecedented pressure from ransomware, state-sponsored intrusions, and the looming emergence of quantum computing threats. This paper explores the evolution of cybersecurity law and its effectiveness in mitigating multi-dimensional risks to critical infrastructure across interconnected jurisdictions. At a broader level, it examines the interplay between international norms, national security regulations, and cyber defense policies shaping contemporary governance landscapes. Frameworks such as the European Union’s NIS2 Directive, the U.S. Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA) mandates, and NATO’s Cooperative Cyber Defence Centre of Excellence provide contrasting models for balancing sovereignty, resilience, and interoperability. From a focused standpoint, the paper investigates how ransomware response legislation, attribution standards for state-sponsored attacks, and post-quantum cryptographic regulations are redefining accountability and deterrence in cyberspace. It also assesses the challenges of harmonizing cybersecurity law amid geopolitical tensions, data localization mandates, and varying privacy protections. Furthermore, the study evaluates the readiness of existing legal instruments to address emerging threats posed by quantum computing, where traditional encryption standards may become obsolete. By synthesizing policy, legal, and technological perspectives, the research highlights gaps in enforcement, coordination, and international cooperation. Ultimately, it proposes a multi-layered legal governance model emphasizing adaptive regulation, proactive resilience, and collective defense to fortify critical infrastructure in the quantum-ready era.
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Omogiate, P. M. (2023) · International Journal of Science and Research Archive · doi:10.30574/ijsra.2023.10.2.1099 · Cited by 3
INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS AND FOREIGN EXPERIENCE IN THE LEGAL FRAMEWORK FOR CYBER RESILIENCE
Svyrydiuk, N., & Tsiyprik, N. (2026) · The Journal of V N Karazin Kharkiv National University Series Law · doi:10.26565/2075-1834-2026-41-32
Metadata
- Authors
- Takuro, K. O.
- Corresponding author
- Takuro, Kehinde Ojadamola
- Venue
- International Journal of Science and Research Archive
- Publisher
- GSC Online Press
- Published
- 2023-12-31
- Volume
- 10
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 1518-1535
- ISSN
- 2582-8185 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W4415463488
- Cited by
- 1
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1
- FWCI
- 0.98
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- International Journal of Science and Research Archive (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Political Science and International Relations › Cybersecurity and Cyber Warfare Studies
- Social Sciences › Law › Digitalization, Law, and Regulation
- Social Sciences › Political Science and International Relations › Security, Politics, and Digital Transformation
- Keywords
- cybersecurity law, critical infrastructure protection, ransomware, state-sponsored cyberattacks, quantum computing threats, post-quantum cryptography, NIS2 Directive, attribution of cyberattacks, legal harmonization, data localization, privacy preservation, international cooperation in cyberspace
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- Takuro, K. O. (2023). Exploring cybersecurity law evolution in safeguarding critical infrastructure against ransomware, state-sponsored attacks, and emerging quantum threats. International Journal of Science and Research Archive. https://doi.org/10.30574/ijsra.2023.10.2.1019
