The DOI matches its Crossref record; 1 of the 1 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Accountability: Responsibility and Reasonable Expectations
Abstract
Some of the central features of current educational accountability systems are discussed using the requirements under the No Child Left Behind (NCLB) Act of 2001 as the primary example. It is argued that broadly shared responsibility is needed for accountability systems to contribute to improved education. It is also suggested that systems need to be designed in ways that are consistent with research and past experience. This requires the setting of ambitious performance standards and improvement targets, but ones that can reasonably be achieved given sufficient effort and supporting resources. These design features are contrasted with the NCLB requirements. Illustrations of some of the state responses to the NCLB demands that attempt to avoid the over-identification of schools for improvement and sanctions are provided.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
The Role of Assessment in a Learning Culture
Shepard, L. A. (2000) · Educational Researcher · doi:10.3102/0013189x029007004 · Cited by 2,161 · cited 1×
“The concentration can be negative, however, when it focuses too closely on the specific item formats and parts of the content domain that are emphasized to a greater degree on the test without attention to broader subject-matter standards (Shepard, 1990, 2000).”
Background
Cited by
The educational benefits claimed for physical education and school sport: an academic review
Bailey, R., Armour, K., Kirk, D., Jess, M., Pickup, I., Sandford, R., & P, B. P. E. A. S. (2009) · Research Papers in Education · doi:10.1080/02671520701809817 · Cited by 869
Linking Leadership to Student Learning: The Contributions of Leader Efficacy
Leithwood, K., & Jantzi, D. (2008) · Educational Administration Quarterly · doi:10.1177/0013161x08321501 · Cited by 735
How does leadership affect student achievement? Results from a national US survey
Seashore Louis, K., Dretzke, B., & Wahlstrom, K. (2010) · School Effectiveness and School Improvement · doi:10.1080/09243453.2010.486586 · Cited by 624
Anderson, S., Leithwood, K., & Strauss, T. (2010) · Leadership and Policy in Schools · doi:10.1080/15700761003731492 · Cited by 210
Abedi, J., & Gándara, P. (2006) · Educational Measurement: Issues and Practice · doi:10.1111/j.1745-3992.2006.00077.x · Cited by 192
Metadata
- Authors
- Linn, R. L.
- Venue
- Educational Researcher
- Published
- 2003-10
- Volume
- 32
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 3-13
- ISSN
- 0013-189X (ISSN-L)
- 1935-102X
- OpenAlex
- W2132429032
- Cited by
- 300
- References
- 1
- FWCI
- 64.87
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Accountability: Responsibility and Reasonable Expectations. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.3102/0013189x032007003
- The paper
- Linn, R. L. (2003). Accountability: Responsibility and Reasonable Expectations. Educational Researcher. https://doi.org/10.3102/0013189x032007003
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.