The DOI matches its Crossref record; 14 of the 14 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The Effect of Delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol and 11-Hydroxy-Delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol on T-Lymphocyte and B-Lymphocyte Mitogen Responses
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) suppresses T-lymphocyte proliferation when added to human cell cultures. We report that THC when added to mouse splenocyte cultures suppressed T-lymphocyte (Con A, PHA) and B-lymphocyte (LPS) mitogen-induced proliferation. Although the ED50 concentrations (5 micrograms/ml; 1.6 X 10(-5)M) of THC were similar for suppressing all three mitogen responses, higher threshold concentrations of drug were required to effect suppression of the T-lymphocyte mitogen responses. Complete suppression of T- and B-lymphocyte responses was achieved with THC concentrations (8 micrograms/ml or 2.6 X 10(-5)M) which were not directly toxic as judged by vital dye exclusion. The hydroxylated metabolite of THC, 11-hydroxy-THC, was observed to be much less potent in the inhibition of lymphocyte proliferation. However, as with the parent compound, B-lymphocyte responses appeared to be the most affected by the drug. Additional studies demonstrated that both T- and B-lymphocyte proliferation is rapidly suppressed following THC treatment, not affected by a 24 hr. pretreatment with THC, and not as readily suppressed by THC in cultures containing 20% serum. Thus, THC appears to inhibit both T- and B-lymphocyte proliferation with B-lymphocyte responses displaying greater inhibition at lower drug concentration. The 11-hydroxy metabolite is much less suppressive in this system than the parent compound.
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“Selective antagonists of both the CB 2 receptor, SR144528, and CB 1 receptor, rimonabant, reverses the suppression of IFN-γ and IL-12, indicating that these receptors play necessary roles in the modulation of proinflammatory cytokines (Klein et al, 1985).”
From The endogenous cannabinoid system: a budding source of targets for treating inflammatory and neuropathic pain (2018) · cites this paper as Klein et al, 1985
In the citing paper
“Similarly, THC inhibits the proliferation of mouse splenic T cells stimulated by concanavalin A, and B cells stimulated by LPS (Klein et al, 1985).”
From The endogenous cannabinoid system: a budding source of targets for treating inflammatory and neuropathic pain (2018) · cites this paper as Klein et al, 1985
Citations
Cites
Inhibition of Cellular Mediated Immunity in Marihuana Smokers
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Cited by
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Cannabis: pharmacology and toxicology in animals and humans
Adams, I. B., & Martin, B. R. (1996) · Addiction · doi:10.1046/j.1360-0443.1996.911115852.x · Cited by 576
Microbial Infections, Immunomodulation, and Drugs of Abuse
Friedman, H. P., Newton, C. A., & Klein, T. (2003) · Clinical Microbiology Reviews · doi:10.1128/cmr.16.2.209-219.2003 · Cited by 341
Self-citationDonvito, G., Nass, S. R., Wilkerson, J. L., Curry, Z. A., Schurman, L. D., Kinsey, S. G., & Lichtman, A. H. (2018) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2017.204 · Cited by 301
Cannabinoids and the immune system: Potential for the treatment of inflammatory diseases?
Croxford, J. L., & Yamamura, T. (2005) · Journal of Neuroimmunology · doi:10.1016/j.jneuroim.2005.04.023 · Cited by 265
“Low doses of THC appeared to stimulate T cells whereas higher doses appeared to inhibit these responses (Klein et al., 1985; Pross et al., 1992; Luo et al., 1992).”
Zhu, L. X., Sharma, S. P., Stolina, M., Gardner, B. K., Roth, M. D., Tashkin, D. P., & Dubinett, S. M. (2000) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.165.1.373 · Cited by 252
Metadata
- Authors
- Klein, T. W., Newton, C. A., Widen, R., & Friedman, H.
- Affiliations
- University of South Florida (US)
- ORCID
- Klein, T. W.
- Venue
- Journal of Immunopharmacology
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 1985-01
- Volume
- 7
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 451-466
- ISSN
- 0163-0571 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2112279043
- Cited by
- 102
- References
- 14
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 1 · 2013: 2
- FWCI
- 2.43
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Immunopharmacology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (DA03646)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology (medical) › Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immunotoxicology and immune responses
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › T-cell and B-cell Immunology
- Keywords
- delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol, 11-hydroxy-THC, THC metabolites, T cell proliferation, B cell proliferation, immunosuppression, splenocytes, concanavalin A, phytohemagglutinin, lipopolysaccharide
- MeSH terms
- Animals, B-Lymphocytes, Female, Kinetics, Lymphocyte Activation, Mice, Inbred BALB C, Mitogens, T-Lymphocytes, Dronabinol, Mice, In Vitro Techniques
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