The DOI matches its Crossref record; 6 of the 6 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Levels of serum steroid hormones in intrauterine contraceptive device users
Abstract
Serum progesterone, estradiol, testosterone and cortisol were assayed in the mid-follicular and mid-luteal phases of the menstrual cycles in 30 Lippe's loop and 30 Cu T-200 IUCD users, compared to 24 controls. Mean serum progesterone and estradiol levels were significantly higher in the mid-luteal, compared to the mid-follicular phase in each group (p less than 0.01). There were no significant differences between the mean levels of progesterone, testosterone and cortisol in IUCD users and controls in both the mid-follicular and mid-luteal phases. IUCD users had significantly higher levels of estradiol (p less than 0.01) in the mid-luteal phase but not in the mid-follicular phase, compared to controls. There was hormonal evidence of corpus luteum insufficiency in 8.3%, 14.3% and 20% in the controls, Lippe's loop and Cu T-200 IUCD users, respectively.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“This COC-induced increase of CBG plateaus after just over a week of COC use and weans off 4 to 6 weeks after discontinuation (11, 13-17).”
From Salivary Cortisol and Cortisone Can Circumvent Confounding Effects of Oral Contraceptives in the Short Synacthen Test (2024) · cites this paper as [17]
Citations
Cites
Nygren, K., & Johansson, E. D. B. (1973) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/0002-9378(73)90070-7 · Cited by 47
The Menstrual Cycle in Women Using an Intrauterine Device
Faúndes, A., Segal, S. J., Adejuwon, C. A., Brache, V., León, P., & Alvarez‐Sánchez, F. (1980) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/s0015-0282(16)45131-9 · Cited by 32
The Effect of Intrauterine Contraceptive Devices on Ovarian and Menstrual Function in the Human
MARTIN, P. M., & BROWN, J. B. (1973) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem-36-6-1125 · Cited by 14
Hormonal profile in IUD users.
Ar, S., Rahman, H., Osman, M. H. A., Mohei, Y., & Rizk, M. (1981) · PubMed · Cited by 4
Pituitary-Ovarian Function in IUD Users
Abdalla, M. I., Ibrahim, I. I., Osman, M. I., & Bayad, M. A. (1980) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-94-009-8872-9_9 · Cited by 1
Corpus luteum function in subdermal levonorgestrel implant users.
Ibrahim, I. I., Mi, A., Osman, M. I., Hassanein, A. A., Mh, T., Abdelaal, A. E., & Es, H. (1983) · PubMed · Cited by 1
Research works printed but not linked: 3
- Ibrahim I.I., 1983, Contracept. Deliv. Syst., 4, 317
- Souka A.K., 1981, Contracept. Deliv. Syst., 2, 303
- Haukkamma M., 1974, Ann. Clin. Res., 6, 40
Cited by
Ortiz, M. E., & Croxatto, H. B. (2007) · Contraception · doi:10.1016/j.contraception.2007.01.020 · Cited by 254
The influence of ICAM1 rs5498 on diabetes mellitus risk: evidence from a meta-analysis
Mi, W., Xia, Y., & Bian, Y. (2019) · Inflammation Research · doi:10.1007/s00011-019-01220-4 · Cited by 141
Mechanisms of Action of Intrauterine Devices
Ortiz, M. E., Croxatto, H. B., & Bardin, C. W. (1996) · Obstetrical & Gynecological Survey · doi:10.1097/00006254-199612000-00014 · Cited by 126
TCGA Molecular Subgroups in Endometrial Undifferentiated/Dedifferentiated Carcinoma
Travaglino, A., Raffone, A., Mascolo, M., Guida, M., Insabato, L., Zannoni, G. F., & Zullo, F. (2019) · Pathology & Oncology Research · doi:10.1007/s12253-019-00784-0 · Cited by 98
Palomba, S., Orio, F., Falbo, A. I., Russo, T., Tolino, A., & Zullo, F. (2007) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2007-1009 · Cited by 84
Metadata
- Authors
- Fahmy, K., El-Gazar, A., Eisa, I., Ghonaim, M., Saad, S., & Afifi, A.
- ORCID
- Ghonaim, M.
- Venue
- Gynecological Endocrinology
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 1991-01
- Volume
- 5
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 1-5
- ISSN
- 0951-3590 (ISSN-L)
- 1473-0766
- OpenAlex
- W2157582880
- Cited by
- 25
- References
- 6
- Citations by year
- 2024: 2 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 3 · 2015: 5
- FWCI
- 0.00
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Gynecological Endocrinology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Reproductive Health and Contraception
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Endocrinology › Estrogen and related hormone effects
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Adrenal Hormones and Disorders
- Keywords
- intrauterine devices, serum steroid hormones, progesterone, estradiol, testosterone, cortisol, corpus luteum insufficiency, menstrual cycle phases, luteal phase
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Estradiol, Female, Follicular Phase, Hormones, Humans, Hydrocortisone, Intrauterine Devices, Luteal Phase, Menstrual Cycle, Menstruation, Progesterone, Testosterone
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Levels of serum steroid hormones in intrauterine contraceptive device users. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.3109/09513599109049936
- The paper
- Fahmy, K., El-Gazar, A., Eisa, I., Ghonaim, M., Saad, S., & Afifi, A. (1991). Levels of serum steroid hormones in intrauterine contraceptive device users. Gynecological Endocrinology. https://doi.org/10.3109/09513599109049936
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.