The DOI matches its Crossref record; 7 of the 8 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The Performance of Fertility Awareness-based Method Apps Marketed to Avoid Pregnancy
Open accessAbstract
INTRODUCTION: In recent years there has been an explosion in the development of medical apps, with more than 40,000 apps now available. Nearly 100 apps allow women to track their fertility and menstrual cycles and can be used to avoid or achieve pregnancy. Apps offer a convenient way to track fertility biomarkers. However, only some use evidence-based fertility awareness-based methods (FABMs), which with ideal use have rates of effectiveness similar to those of commonly used forms of hormonal birth control. Since having a baby or preventing a pregnancy are important responsibilities, it is critical that women and couples have access to reliable, evidence-based apps that allow them to accurately track their fertility. METHODS: We developed a tool to evaluate and rate fertility apps. This tool is specifically designed to help couples avoid pregnancy. RESULTS: Results showed that the majority of fertility apps are not based on evidence-based FABMs or include a disclaimer discouraging use for avoiding pregnancy. However, at least 1 app in each FABM category (except symptohormonal methods) had a perfect score on accuracy. CONCLUSION: Relying solely on an app to use an FABM, without appropriate training in the method, may not be sufficient to prevent pregnancy.
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“and they are becoming increasingly popular for contraception14–17 and pregnancy planning.18”
From Real-world menstrual cycle characteristics of more than 600,000 menstrual cycles (2019) · cites this paper as [17]
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Frank‐Herrmann, P., Heil, J., Gnoth, C., Toledo, E., Baur, S., Pyper, C., Jenetzky, E., Strowitzki, T., & Freundl, G. (2007) · Human Reproduction · doi:10.1093/humrep/dem003 · Cited by 201
Fertility Awareness-Based Methods: Another Option for Family Planning
Pallone, S. R., & BERGUS, G. R. (2009) · The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine · doi:10.3122/jabfm.2009.02.080038 · Cited by 105
Manhart, M. D., Duane, M., Lind, A., Sinaï, I., & Golden-Tevald, J. (2013) · Osteopathic Family Physician · doi:10.1016/j.osfp.2012.09.002 · Cited by 64
Self-citationRandomized comparison of two Internet-supported fertility-awareness-based methods of family planning
Fehring, R. J., Schneider, M., Raviele, K. M., Rodriguez, D. M., & Pruszynski, J. E. (2012) · Contraception · doi:10.1016/j.contraception.2012.10.010 · Cited by 62
Survey of attitudes regarding natural family planning in an urban Hispanic population
Leonard, C. J., Chavira, W., Coonrod, D. V., Hart, K. W., & Bay, R. C. (2006) · Contraception · doi:10.1016/j.contraception.2006.05.075 · Cited by 23
A Review of Smartphone Applications Designed for Tracking Women's Reproductive Health [111]
Moglia, M. L., & Castaño, P. M. (2015) · Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1097/01.aog.0000463053.22473.af · Cited by 7
Lin, K. (2015) · PubMed · Cited by 2
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Versace, V., & Arduini, D. (2026) · Reproductive medicine for clinicians · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-07322-8_7
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Urrutia, R. P. (2026) · Reproductive medicine for clinicians · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-07322-8_6
A Tale as Old as Time: Contraception Concerns in the 21st Century
Bottomley-Wise, R. M., Woodward, A., Okanlawon, A., & Mason‐Jones, A. J. (2026) · Open Access Journal of Contraception · doi:10.2147/oajc.s581526
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Forbis, C., Jackson, A. D., & Blumenthal, P. D. (2026) · Current clinical practice · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-22510-8_13
Métodos de contracepção comportamentais e consciência da fertilidade Número especial 1 – 2026
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Lala, A., Kastrati, L., & Muka, T. (2026) · Maturitas · doi:10.1016/j.maturitas.2026.109081
Data Protection, Privacy and Reproductive Rights in Femtech: Evidence from Play Store User Reviews
Souto, L. M., & Müller, J. (2026) · Sexuality Research and Social Policy · doi:10.1007/s13178-026-01404-8
McCormick, K. C., Belfield, S., Griffith, J. M., Brink, H. V., & Mendle, J. (2026) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-10960717/v1
Yadav, R., & Dutta, N. (2026) · Middle East Fertility Society Journal · doi:10.1186/s43043-026-00369-3
Metadata
- Authors
- Duane, M., Contreras, A., Jensen, E. T., & White, A.
- Affiliations
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (US)
- Venue
- The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine
- Published
- 2016-07-01
- Volume
- 29
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 508-511
- ISSN
- 1557-2625 (ISSN-L)
- 1558-7118
- OpenAlex
- W2473946841
- Cited by
- 110
- References
- 8
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 3
- FWCI
- 10.61
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Carolina Digital Repository (University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill) (submittedVersion)
- UNC Libraries
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Reproductive Health and Contraception
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Mobile Health and mHealth Applications
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Reproductive Health and Technologies
- Keywords
- fertility awareness-based methods, fertility tracking apps, menstrual cycle tracking, contraception, fertility indicators, contraceptive effectiveness
- MeSH terms
- Contraception, Family Planning Services, Female, Humans, Medical Informatics Applications, Pregnancy, Natural Family Planning Methods, Biomarkers, Practice Guidelines as Topic, Evidence-Based Medicine, Fertile Period
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