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Assessment of Physicochemical and Biochemical Qualities of Tannery Effluents of Hazaribagh, Dhaka, and Comparison with Non-Tannery Water Samples

Islam, Laila N., Rahman, Adua, Mahmud, Zimam, Nabi, A. H. M. Nurun, Hossain, Mahmud, Mohasin, M.·2015·International Journal of Environment
DOI 10.3126/ije.v4i1.12179
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Abstract

NOTE: on 21st May 2015, the authors Mahmud Hossain and M Mohasin were added to the online information about the article. The PDF remains correct.In this study the physicochemical and biochemical qualities of the tannery effluents were analyzed to determine the pollution load of the openly released wastewaters in the environment and the findings were compared with the non-tannery waters. Fourteen samples of factory effluents were collected from the leather tanning industrial zone of Hazaribagh, Dhaka, and 13 non-tannery water samples were collected from different parts of Dhaka city. The effluents were mostly colored; their pH varied from highly acidic to basic values while densities were not much different from the non-tannery waters. The chromium contents of the effluents varied from less than 0.002 to 18.97 mg/L and the chemical oxygen demands (COD) varied from 90 to 6500 mg/L, which were significantly higher than those of non-tannery waters. There was a strong direct correlation between chromium content and COD (p<0.01) indicating that chromium was hugely responsible for pollution caused by tannery effluents. The tannery wastewaters were highly toxic to brine shrimp nauplii (lethality: about 82%), and chromium was responsible for biotoxicity of the effluents since a direct significant correlation (p<0.021) was found between chromium content and lethality. Storage of the wastewater samples for 2 to 8 months at room temperature showed rise in the pH values possibly due to microbial action that resulted in decrease of dissolved chromium content from a mean value of 7.94 to 5.09 mg/L. These findings demonstrated that the presence of high concentrations of chromium and other chemicals in the untreated tannery effluents were contributing adverse effects on the environment and ecosystem.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ije.v4i1.12179International Journal of Environment Volume-4, Issue-1, Dec-Feb 2014/15, page: 68-81

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  • The pH of TWW samples ranged from 3.93 to 8.36, with two samples highly acidic, while control water pH was mostly close to basic, ranging from 6.82 to 8.25.

    “The pH of the TWW samples ranged from 3.93 to 8.36, two samples being highly acidic in nature (pH below 7.0), while the pH of the control water sample was mostly close to basic (ranging from 6.82 to 8.25)13.”

    From Impact of untreated tannery wastewater in the evolution of multidrug-resistant bacteria in Bangladesh (2024) · cites this paper as [13]

    The “pH of the study water samples” section confirms that two tannery wastewater samples were highly acidic and that 12 of 13 non-tannery samples were basic. But it gives pH ranges of 3.93–8.51 for tannery wastewater and 6.7–8.39 for non-tannery water, not the ranges in the citing sentence. (LLM, conf=0.94)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • Chromium concentration is notably higher in TWW than in NTW, at 3.83 mg/L versus 0.0026 mg/L.

    “Chromium concentration is notably higher in TWW (3.83 mg/L) compared to NTW (0.0026 mg/L), likely due to the use of chromium in tanning processes.”

    From Impact of untreated tannery wastewater in the evolution of multidrug-resistant bacteria in Bangladesh (2024) · cites this paper as [13]

    The “Levels of chromium in the study water samples” section reports significantly higher chromium in tannery wastewater than in non-tannery water (p = 0.014). It does not report the claimed values of 3.83 mg/L and 0.0026 mg/L; the Discussion instead gives a mean of 4.9 mg/L for 14 tannery samples. (LLM, conf=0.90)

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  • Most tanneries in Bangladesh do not have proper effluent treatment plants and release untreated wastewater into the river Buriganga and nearby landfills, causing serious environmental threats and being prominent sources of environmental chromium in Bangladesh.

    “Most of these tanneries do not have proper effluent treatment plants (ETP) and release untreated wastewater into the river Buriganga and nearby landfills, causing serious threats to the environment and ecosystem, and are the most prominent sources of environmental chromium in Bangladesh, as indicated by a prior study by the researchers of this study13.”

    From Impact of untreated tannery wastewater in the evolution of multidrug-resistant bacteria in Bangladesh (2024) · cites this paper as [13]

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  • Chemical oxygen demand (COD) in TWW is substantially higher than in NTW, at 1.4 × 10^3 mg/L versus 5.0 × 10 mg/L.

    “The Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) in TWW (1.4 × 103 mg/L) was found to be substantially higher than in NTW (5.0 × 10 mg/L), indicating a significant organic pollutant load in tannery effluents.”

    From Impact of untreated tannery wastewater in the evolution of multidrug-resistant bacteria in Bangladesh (2024) · cites this paper as [13]

    The ‘Levels of chemical oxygen demand’ section reports significantly higher COD in tannery wastewater than in non-tannery water (p = 0.012). However, Table 2, reproduced in the ‘pH of the study water samples’ section, gives mean COD values of 1655.7 and 45.0 mg/L, not the cited 1400 and 50 mg/L. No page number is available in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.88)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • A prior study by the researchers found chromium content in TWW as high as 1.85 × 10 mg/L and COD as high as 6.5 × 10^3 mg/L, with a statistically significant direct correlation between chromium content and COD.

    “The team found chromium content in TWW of different tannery wastewater disposal sites as high as 1.85 × 10 mg/L and COD as high as 6.5 × 103 mg/L and the direct correlation between chromium content and chemical oxygen demand (COD) was observed statistically significant13.”

    From Impact of untreated tannery wastewater in the evolution of multidrug-resistant bacteria in Bangladesh (2024) · cites this paper as [13]

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Research works printed but not linked: 22

  1. Arias-Barreiro, C. R., Nishizaki, H., Okubo, K., Aoyama, I. and Mori, I. C., 2010. Ecotoxicological characterization of tannery wastewater in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Journal of Environmental Biology, 31(4), 471-475.
  2. Bhuiyan, M. A., Suruvi, N. I., Dampare, S. B., Islam, M. A., Quraishi, S. B., Ganyaglo, S. and Suzuki, S., 2011. Investigation of the possible sources of heavy metal contamination in lagoon and canal water in the tannery industrial area in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 175(1-4), 633-649.
  3. Biswas, S. and Rahman, T., 2013. The effect of working place on worker's health in a tannery in Bangladesh. Advances in Anthropology, 3(01), 46-53.
  4. Dahal, P. K., 2014. People's perception and behavior towards reuse of wastewater in Dhulikhel, Nepal. International Journal of Environment, 3(2), 125-136.
  5. Dhungana, T. P. and Yadav, P. N., 2009. Determination of chromium in tannery effluent and study of adsorption of Cr (VI) on saw dust and charcoal from sugarcane bagasses. Journal of Nepal Chemical Society, 23, 93-101.
  6. EPB (Export Promotion Bureau), 2009-2010. Ministry of Commerce, The People's Republic of Bangladesh. Annual Report, Chapter 9.
  7. GAETP (Guide for Assessment of Effluent Treatment Plants, 1st ed.), 2008. Department of Environment, Ministry of Environment and Forest, Bangladesh.
  8. Haydar, S., Aziz, J. A. and Ahmad, M. S., 2007. Biological treatment of tannery wastewater using activated sludge process. Pakistan Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 1, 61-66.
  9. Huda, K. M. N., 2008. Municipal solid waste management. Bangladesh Perspective, Academic Press and Publishers Library, Dhaka.
  10. Krishnamoorthi, S., Sivakumar, V., Saravanan, K. and Prabhu, T. S., 2009. Treatment and reuse of tannery waste water by embedded system. Modern Applied Science, 3(1), 129-134.
  11. Ludvik, J., 2000. Regional program for pollution control in the tanning industry in South- East Asia: Chrome balance in leather processing. United Nations Industrial Development Organization. pp. 1-16.
  12. Mohanta, M. K., Salam, M. A., Saha, A. K., Hasan, A. and Roy, A. K., 2010. Effects of tannery effluents on survival and histopathological changes in different organs of Channa punctatus. Asian Journal of Experimental Biological Sciences, 1(2), 294- 302.
  13. Muhammad, N. and Haque, M. A., 2012. Physical and mental health of tannery workers and residential people of Hazaribagh area in Dhaka city. ASA University Review, 62, 161-169.
  14. Rafique, U., Ashraf, A., Khan, A. K., Nasreen, S. and Rashid, R., 2010. Toxic chromium from tanneries pollute water resources and soils of Sialkot (Pakistan). Journal of the Chemical Society of Pakistan, 32(5), 644-649.
  15. Sabur, M. A., Rahman, M. M. and Safiullah, S., 2012. Treatment of tannery effluent by locally available commercial grade lime. Journal of Scientific Research, 5(1), 143- 150.
  16. SEHD (Bangladesh Society for Environment and Human Development), 2001. Tannery pollution threatens health of half-million Bangladeshi residents. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 79(1), Genebra.
  17. Sepehr, M. N., Nasseri, S., Assadi, M. M. and Yaghmaian, K., 2005. Chromium bioremoval from tannery industries effluent by Aspergillus oryzae. Iranian Journal of Environmental Health Science and Engineering, 2(4), 273-279.
  18. Shams, K. M., Tichy, G., Sager, M., Peer, T., Bashar, A. and Jozic, M., 2009. Soil contamination from tannery wastes with emphasis on the fate and distribution of tri- and hexavalent chromium. Water, Air & Soil Pollution, 199(1-4), 123-137.
  19. Shouli, A. S., Bewtra, J. K. and Biswas, N., 1992. Effectiveness of coagulation and flocculation processes in removal of selected volatile organic contaminants from wastewaters. International Journal of Environmental Studies, 40(1), 27-40.
  20. Sreeram, K. J. and Ramasami, T., 2003. Sustaining tanning process through conservation, recovery and better utilization of chromium. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 38(3), 185-212.
  21. Stephenson, R. J. and Duff, S. J. B., 1996. Coagulation and precipitation of a mechanical pulping effluent-I. Removal of carbon, colour and turbidity. Water Research, 30(4), 781-792.
  22. Vera-Candioti, J., Soloneski, S. and Larramendy, M. L., 2011. Acute toxicity of chromium on Cnesterodon decemmaculatus (Pisces: Poeciliidae). Theoria, 20(1), 81-88.

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Metadata

Authors
Islam, L. N., Rahman, A., Mahmud, Z., Nabi, A. H. M. N., Hossain, M., & Mohasin, M.
Venue
International Journal of Environment
Publisher
Nepal Journals Online (JOL)
Published
2015-02-22
Volume
4
Issue
1
Pages
68-81
ISSN
2091-2854
DOI
10.3126/ije.v4i1.12179
Cited by
6
References
0

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