The DOI matches its Crossref record; 3 of the 3 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Indigenous Over-representation in Canada’s Youth Correctional System: An Assessment of Regional Variability
Abstract
Although Indigenous youth make up 8% of Canada’s population, they are over-represented in the youth correctional system – comprising 46% of admissions in the 2016/17 fiscal year. The Youth Criminal Justice Act (YCJA) of 2003 calls for attention to the unique needs of Indigenous youth at all points of justice system contact, yet despite these special considerations and emphasis on fair treatment, overrepresentation has grown steadily in recent years. Examination of the number of correctional admissions for Indigenous and non-Indigenous youth, as well as the percentage of Indigenous admissions, across the provinces and territories provides insight into this unexpected trend. By incorporating regional population data, this research uncovers the areas that report the greatest levels of over-representation and those which have successfully reduced the percentage of system-involved Indigenous youth or maintained proportionate representation. This information provides a starting point for future research to uncover the systemic causes of the over-representation problem. These findings also draw attention to issues with recording and reporting practices – a problem that must be addressed in order to act on the Truth and Reconciliation Commission’s call to reduce criminal justice disparities among Indigenous youth.
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In the citing paper
“The consensus is that assessment tools do not accurately reflect their risk/need levels and treatment needs (Hyde et al., 2016; Lockwood et al., 2018; Wiley et al., 2020).”
From Colonization, Normalization and Risk-Assessment: The Case of Youth Criminal Justice Act and Correctional Overrepresentation of Indigenous Youth in Canada (2025) · cites this paper as Wiley et al., 2020
In the citing paper
“As a result, they are more likely to show greater risk/needs factors upon assessment (Hyde et al., 2016; Lockwood et al., 2018; Wiley et al., 2020).”
From Colonization, Normalization and Risk-Assessment: The Case of Youth Criminal Justice Act and Correctional Overrepresentation of Indigenous Youth in Canada (2025) · cites this paper as Wiley et al., 2020
Citations
Cites
Disproportionate Minority Contact in Canada: Police and Visible Minority Youth
Fitzgerald, R. T., & Carrington, P. J. (2011) · Canadian Journal of Criminology and Criminal Justice · doi:10.3138/cjccj.53.4.449 · Cited by 57
Corrado, R. R., Kuehn, S., & Margaritescu, I. (2014) · Youth Justice · doi:10.1177/1473225413520361 · Cited by 47
Commission of Canada, T. A. R. (2015) · aboriginal policy studies · doi:10.5663/aps.v5i1.25647 · Cited by 41
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
Barmaki, R. (2025) · International Criminology · doi:10.1007/s43576-025-00170-8 · Cited by 1
Metadata
- Authors
- Wiley, S. A., Love, H., & Emmett, K. A.
- Affiliations
- Simon Fraser University (CA)
- University of British Columbia (CA)
- Venue
- Canadian Journal of Criminology and Criminal Justice
- Published
- 2020-04-01
- Volume
- 62
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 22-43
- ISSN
- 1707-7753 (ISSN-L)
- 1911-0219
- OpenAlex
- W3089300533
- Cited by
- 13
- References
- 3
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 2 · 2021: 1
- FWCI
- 1.00
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Canadian Journal of Criminology and Criminal Justice/La Revue canadienne de criminologie et de justice pénale (publishedVersion)
- Project Muse (Johns Hopkins University) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Criminal Justice and Corrections Analysis
- Social Sciences › Law › Criminal Justice and Penology
- Social Sciences › Health › Indigenous Health, Education, and Rights
- Keywords
- Indigenous youth, overrepresentation, juvenile justice, Youth Criminal Justice Act, regional variation, correctional admissions, Truth and Reconciliation Commission, Canada
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- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Indigenous Over-representation in Canada’s Youth Correctional System: An Assessment of Regional Variability. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.3138/cjccj.2019-0049
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- Wiley, S. A., Love, H., & Emmett, K. A. (2020). Indigenous Over-representation in Canada’s Youth Correctional System: An Assessment of Regional Variability. Canadian Journal of Criminology and Criminal Justice. https://doi.org/10.3138/cjccj.2019-0049
