The DOI matches its Crossref record.
Introducing 'productive interactions' in social impact assessment
Open accessAbstract
Social impact of research is difficult to measure. Attribution problems arise because of the often long time-lag between research and a particular impact, and because impacts are the consequences of multiple causes. Furthermore, there is a lack of robust measuring instruments. We aim to overcome these problems through a different approach to evaluation where learning is the prime concern instead of judging. We focus on what goes on between researchers and other actors, and so narrow the gap between research and impact, or at least make it transparent. And by making the process visible, we are able to suggest indicator categories that arguably lead to more robust measuring instruments. We propose three categories of what we refer to as ‘productive interactions’: direct or personal interactions; indirect interactions through texts or artefacts; and financial interactions through money or ‘in kind’ contributions.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cited by
Innovation policy: what, why, and how
Edler, J., & Fagerberg, J. (2017) · Oxford Review of Economic Policy · doi:10.1093/oxrep/grx001 · Cited by 733
What is societal impact of research and how can it be assessed? a literature survey
Bornmann, L. (2013) · Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology · doi:10.1002/asi.22803 · Cited by 731
Assessment, evaluations, and definitions of research impact: A review
Penfield, T., Baker, M. J., Scoble, R., & Wykes, M. C. (2014) · Research Evaluation · doi:10.1093/reseval/rvt021 · Cited by 573
To co-produce or not to co-produce
Lemos, M. C., Arnott, J. C., Ardoin, N. M., Baja, K., Bednarek, A. T., Dewulf, A., Fieseler, C., Goodrich, K. A., Jagannathan, K., Klenk, N., et al. (2018) · Nature Sustainability · doi:10.1038/s41893-018-0191-0 · Cited by 391
Yegros-Yegros, A., Rafols, I., & D’Este, P. (2015) · PLOS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0135095 · Cited by 342
Metadata
- Authors
- Spaapen, J., & van Drooge, L.
- Venue
- Research Evaluation
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2011-09-01
- Volume
- 20
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 211-218
- ISSN
- 0958-2029 (ISSN-L)
- 1471-5449
- OpenAlex
- W1994490219
- Cited by
- 518
- References
- 0
- FWCI
- 13.85
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Introducing 'productive interactions' in social impact assessment. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.3152/095820211x12941371876742
- The paper
- Spaapen, J., & van Drooge, L. (2011). Introducing 'productive interactions' in social impact assessment. Research Evaluation. https://doi.org/10.3152/095820211x12941371876742
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
