The DOI matches its Crossref record; 29 of the 29 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The IMPROVE_A Temperature Protocol for Thermal/Optical Carbon Analysis: Maintaining Consistency with a Long-Term Database
Open accessAbstract
Thermally derived carbon fractions including organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC) have been reported for the U.S. Interagency Monitoring of PROtected Visual Environments (IMPROVE) network since 1987 and have been found useful in source apportionment studies and to evaluate quartz-fiber filter adsorption of organic vapors. The IMPROVE_A temperature protocol defines temperature plateaus for thermally derived carbon fractions of 140 degrees C for OC1, 280 degrees C for OC2, 480 degrees C for OC3, and 580 degrees C for OC4 in a helium (He) carrier gas and 580 degrees C for EC1, 740 degrees C for EC2, and 840 degrees C for EC3 in a 98% He/2% oxygen (O2) carrier gas. These temperatures differ from those used previously because new hardware used for the IMPROVE thermal/optical reflectance (IMPROVE_TOR) protocol better represents the sample temperature than did the old hardware. A newly developed temperature calibration method demonstrates that these temperatures better represent sample temperatures in the older units used to quantify IMPROVE carbon fractions from 1987 through 2004. Only the thermal fractions are affected by changes in temperature. The OC and EC by TOR are insensitive to the change in temperature protocol, and therefore the long-term consistency of the IMPROVE database is conserved. A method to detect small quantities of O2 in the pure He carrier gas shows that O2 levels above 100 ppmv also affect the comparability of thermal carbon fractions but have little effect on the IMPROVE_TOR split between OC and EC.
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Self-citationVisibility: Science and Regulation
Watson, J. G. (2002) · Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association · doi:10.1080/10473289.2002.10470813 · Cited by 929
Self-citationComparison of IMPROVE and NIOSH Carbon Measurements
Chow, J. C., Watson, J. G., Crow, D., Lowenthal, D. H., & Merrifield, T. (2001) · Aerosol Science and Technology · doi:10.1080/02786820119073 · Cited by 869
Self-citationChow, J. C., Watson, J. G., Chen, L.-W. A., Arnott, W. P., Moosmüller, H., & Fung, K. (2004) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es034936u · Cited by 652
Self-citationCao, J. J., Wu, F., Chow, J. C., Lee, S. C., Li, Y., Chen, S. W., An, Z. S., Fung, K. K., Watson, J. G., Zhu, C. S., et al. (2005) · Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics · doi:10.5194/acp-5-3127-2005 · Cited by 611
Self-citationSchauer, J. J., & Cass, G. R. (2000) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es981312t · Cited by 560
Sources of carbonaceous aerosols over the United States and implications for natural visibility
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Spatial and monthly trends in speciated fine particle concentration in the United States
Malm, W. C., Schichtel, B. A., Pitchford, M. L., Ashbaugh, L. L., & Eldred, R. A. (2004) · Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres · doi:10.1029/2003jd003739 · Cited by 391
Investigation of organic aerosol sampling artifacts in the los angeles basin
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Summary of Organic and Elemental Carbon/Black Carbon Analysis Methods and Intercomparisons
Watson, J. G., Chow, J. C., & Chen, L.-W. A. (2005) · Aerosol and Air Quality Research · doi:10.4209/aaqr.2005.06.0006 · Cited by 371
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Cavalli, F., Viana, M., Yttri, K. E., Genberg, J., & Putaud, J.-P. (2010) · Atmospheric Measurement Techniques · doi:10.5194/amt-3-79-2010 · Cited by 965
Mass reconstruction methods for PM2.5: a review
Chow, J. C., Lowenthal, D. H., Chen, L.-W. A., Wang, X., & Watson, J. G. (2015) · Air Quality, Atmosphere & Health · doi:10.1007/s11869-015-0338-3 · Cited by 379
Self-citationPublic health and components of particulate matter: The changing assessment of black carbon
Grahame, T. J., Klemm, R., & Schlesinger, R. B. (2014) · Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association · doi:10.1080/10962247.2014.912692 · Cited by 294
“The U.S. long-term urban Chemical Speciation Network (CSN) and non-urban Interagency Monitoring of PROtected Visual Environments (IMPROVE) network determine EC by thermal/optical method (Chow et al., 2007).”
BackgroundChakrabarty, R. K., Gyawali, M., Yatavelli, R. L. N., Pandey, A., Watts, A. C., Knue, J., Chen, L.-W. A., Pattison, R. R., Tsibart, A., Samburova, V., et al. (2016) · Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics · doi:10.5194/acp-16-3033-2016 · Cited by 145
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Metadata
- Authors
- Chow, J. C., Watson, J. G., Chen, L.-W. A., Chang, M. C. O., Robinson, N. F., Trimble, D., & Kohl, S.
- Venue
- Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2007-09
- Volume
- 57
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 1014-1023
- ISSN
- 1047-3289 (ISSN-L)
- 1096-2247
- 2162-2906
- OpenAlex
- W1993847517
- Cited by
- 854
- References
- 29
- FWCI
- 9.55
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
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