Mean Urea Reduction Ratio among Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis at a Tertiary Care Centre: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study
Open accessAbstract
Introduction: Chronic kidney disease is a major cause of mortality with a prevalence of 6%. Over the past half-century, hemodialysis has been the most preferred modality of treatment for sustaining the life of patients with end-stage kidney disease. Despite hemodialysis being freely available, achieving adequacy in hemodialysis is a challenging task. Inadequate dialysis is responsible for the high mortality. This study aimed to find out the mean value of the urea reduction ratio among patients undergoing hemodialysis at a tertiary care centre. Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted from 15 January 2023 to 15 April 2023. Ethical approval was taken from Institutional Review Committee (Reference number: UCMS/IRC/044/23). Patients aged >18 years, undergoing maintenance hemodialysis and giving informed and written consent were included in the study. Urea reduction rate and single-pool Kt/V were estimated. Convenience sampling method was used. Results: Among 100 patients, the mean urea reduction ratio among the study population was 25.24±15.59%. Males represented 62 (62%) of the study population. The mean age was 47.9±14.74 years. Hypertension and Diabetes mellitus was found to be the leading cause of end-stage kidney disease with 61 (61%) and 27 (27%) respectively. The mean value of spKT/V was 0.73±0.162. Conclusions: The mean urea reduction ratio was found to be lower than the other studies done in similar settings.
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Precise control of fluid and electrolyte balance, careful clinical observation, analysis of laboratory and biochemical test results, and measurement of dialysis adequacy achieve the goal of improving biochemical/laboratory results and quality of life/safety.
“This goal will be achieved through precise control of fluid and electrolyte balance, careful evaluation of clinical observation and analysis of laboratory and biochemical test results, and measurement of dialysis adequacy for these patients.9”
From Effect of the fluid management nursing intervention on improving biochemical test results and dialysis therapy in chronic kidney disease patients: a randomized controlled trial (2025) · cites this paper as [9]
The Introduction (page unavailable) says dialysis adequacy is measured using URR or Kt/V, and the Methods (page unavailable) say the study recorded clinical and laboratory parameters. The paper does not say that precise fluid and electrolyte control or careful clinical observation, together with those measurements, will achieve improved laboratory results or quality of life and safety. (LLM, conf=0.86)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredMean values of URR and Kt/V in hemodialysis patients serve as critical indicators of dialysis adequacy in chronic kidney disease, guiding multidisciplinary care tailored to patient needs.
“The mean values of URR and Kt/V in hemodialysis patients serve as critical indicators of dialysis adequacy in chronic kidney disease, guiding multidisciplinary care tailored to patient needs.9”
From Effect of the fluid management nursing intervention on improving biochemical test results and dialysis therapy in chronic kidney disease patients: a randomized controlled trial (2025) · cites this paper as [9]
The Introduction (page unavailable) says dialysis adequacy is estimated using URR and/or Kt/V, and the Results report mean values for both. The Discussion calls for measures to improve dialysis quality, but the paper does not say these measures involve multidisciplinary care tailored to individual patient needs. (LLM, conf=0.87)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn a recent cross-sectional study of 100 hemodialysis patients, the average URR was 25.24±15.59, and Kt/V was 0.73±0.162.
“In a recent cross-sectional study of 100 hemodialysis patients, the average URR was 25.24±15.59, and Kt/V was 0.73±0.162.9”
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Research works printed but not linked: 18
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
University of International Integration of Afro-Brazilian Lusofonia, de Souza Maciel Ferreira, J. E., Freire de Sousa, D., University of International Integration of Afro-Brazilian Lusofonia, Pessoa Moreira, R., University of International Integration of Afro-Brazilian Lusofonia, Cândido Morais, H. C., University of International Integration of Afro-Brazilian Lusofonia, Moreira Barros, L., University of International Integration of Afro-Brazilian Lusofonia, et al. (2025) · Investigación y Educación en Enfermería · doi:10.17533/udea.iee.v43n3e12
- Authors
- Agrawaal, K. K., Kandel, S., & Devkota, S.
- Affiliations
- Universal College of Medical Sciences (NP)
- Corresponding author
- Agrawaal, Krishna Kumar
- Venue
- Journal of Nepal Medical Association
- Published
- 2023-05-01
- Volume
- 61
- Issue
- 261
- Pages
- 446-450
- ISSN
- 0028-2715 (ISSN-L)
- 1815-672X
- PMC
- PMC10896452
- OpenAlex
- W4367853417
- Cited by
- 2
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2024: 1
- FWCI
- 0.39
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- diamond
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Nepal Medical Association (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Nephrology › Dialysis and Renal Disease Management
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Nephrology › Chronic Kidney Disease and Diabetes
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Emergency Medical Services › Central Venous Catheters and Hemodialysis
- Keywords
- urea reduction ratio, hemodialysis adequacy, single-pool Kt/V, end-stage renal disease, chronic kidney disease, maintenance hemodialysis, dialysis adequacy, hypertension, diabetes mellitus
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Cross-Sectional Studies, Renal Dialysis, Humans, Kidney Failure, Chronic, Male, Middle Aged, Urea, Tertiary Care Centers
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