CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 13Urban Stormwater Management SolutionsHydrology and Watershed Management StudiesWater Quality and Pollution Assessment

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 2 of the 2 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Towards effective monitoring of urban stormwater for better design and management; pp. 176–199

Open access
Maharjan, Bharat, Pachel, Karin, Loigu, Enn·2016·Estonian Journal of Earth Sciences
DOI 10.3176/earth.2016.12
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

The lack of information due to insufficient data availability and an improper sampling method for stormwater generates constraint and uncertainty in addressing all storm events. In such conditions, it is difficult to assess actual concentrations and mass loads. This results in a backlog in decision-making for sustainable planning, design and policy formulation, e.g. retrofitting alternatives to traditional systems for reducing runoff and pollutants. It is essential to set standardized sampling and analysis procedures in order to achieve reliable and representative data. They need to be optimal and effective due to the costs and difficulties in sampling and analysis. The study reviews the effectiveness of largely best practiced sampling procedures in research papers. Likely site selection approaches, monitoring parameters and sample collection systems are compiled with their effectiveness, affordability and applicability. An optimal stormwater sampling programme is deducted and recommended for Tallinn stormwater catchment area. Moreover, the study provides an opportunity to select the suitable monitoring programme from the effective options such that it can be utilized to obtain coherent stormwater data.

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.3176/earth.2016.12

Cites

2 of 2 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Show all 2 references

Research works printed but not linked: 90

  1. [1]1. Ingvertsen, S. T., Jensen, M. B. & Magid, J. A minimum data set of water quality parameters to assess and compare treatment efficiency of stormwater facilities. Journal of Environmental Quality, 2011, 40(5), 1488–1502. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/jeq2010.0420 · DOI
  2. [2]2. Jartun, M., Ottesen, R. T., Steinnes, E. & Volden, T. Runoff of particle bound pollutants from urban impervious surfaces studied by analysis of sediments from stormwater traps. Science of the Total Environment, 2008, 396(2–3), 147–163. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2008.02.002 · DOI
  3. [4]4. Carere, M., Dulio, V., Hanke, G. & Polesello, S. Guidance for sediment and biota monitoring under the Common Implementation Strategy for the Water Framework Directive. Trends in Analytical Chemistry, 2012, 36, 15–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.trac.2012.03.005 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.trac.2012.04.008 · DOI
  4. [7]7. EC. Directive 2000/60/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 October 2000 establishing a framework for Community action in the field of water policy. Official Journal of the European Communities, 2000, L327, 1–72.
  5. [8]8. Roots, O. & Roose, A. Hazardous substances in the aquatic environment of Estonia. Chemosphere, 2013, 93(1), 196–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.05.036 · DOI
  6. [9]9. Ackerman, D., Stein, E. D. & Ritter, K. J. Evaluating performance of stormwater sampling approaches using a dynamic watershed model. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 2011, 180(1–4), 283–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10661-010-1788-6 · DOI
  7. [10]10. Ma, J., Kang, J., Kayhanian, M. & Stenstrom, M. Sampling issues in urban runoff monitoring programs: composite versus grab. Journal of Environmental Engineering, 2009, 135(3), 118–127. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9372(2009)135:3(118) · DOI
  8. [14]14. Bertrand-Krajewski, J.-L., Barraud, S. & Chocat, B. Need for improved methodologies and measurements for sustainable management of urban water systems. Environ­­mental Impact Assessment Review, 2000, 20(3), 323–331.
  9. [15]15. Fletcher, T. D. & Deletic, A. Statistical evaluation and optimisation of stormwater quality monitoring programmes. Water Science and Technology : A Journal of the International Association on Water Pollution Research, 2007, 56(12), 1–9.
  10. [16]16. Leecaster, M. K., Schiff, K. & Tiefenthaler, L. L. Assessment of efficient sampling designs for urban stormwater monitoring. Water Research, 2002, 36(6), 1556–1564. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0043-1354(01)00353-0 · DOI
  11. [19]19. Harmel, R. D., King, K. W., Haggard, B. E., Wren, D. G. & Sheridan, J. M. Practical guidance for discharge and water quality data collection on small watersheds. Transactions of the ASABE, 2006, 49(4), 937–948. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.21745 · DOI
  12. [20]20. Harmel, R. D., Cooper, R. J., Slade, R. M., Haney, R. L. & Arnold, J. G. Cumulative uncertainty in measured streamflow and water quality data for small watersheds. Transactions of the ASABE, 2006, 49(3), 689–701. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.20488 · DOI
  13. [21]21. Harmel, R. D., Smith, D. R., King, K. W. & Slade, R. M. Estimating storm discharge and water quality data uncertainty: a software tool for monitoring and modeling applications. Environmental Modelling & Software, 2009, 24(7), 832–842. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2008.12.006 · DOI
  14. [26]26. Langeveld, J. G., Liefting, H. J. & Boogaard, F. C. Uncertainties of stormwater characteristics and removal rates of stormwater treatment facilities: implications for stormwater handling. Water Research, 2012, 46(20), 6868–6880. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2012.06.001 · DOI
  15. [27]27. Lee, H., Swamikannu, X., Radulescu, D., Kim, S.-J. & Stenstrom, M. K. Design of stormwater monitoring programs. Water Research, 2007, 41(18), 4186–4196. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2007.05.016 · DOI
  16. [28]28. Langeveld, J. G., Boogaard, F., Liefting, H. J., Schilperoort, R. P., Hof, A., Nijhof, H. et al. Selection of monitoring locations for storm water quality assess­ment. Water Science and Technology: A Journal of the International Association on Water Pollution Research, 2014, 69(12), 2397–2406.
  17. [29]29. Marsalek, J. Pollutant loads in urban stormwater: review of methods for planning-level estimates. JAWRA Journal of the American Water Resources Association, 1991, 27(2), 283–291. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1991.tb03133.x · DOI
  18. [31]31. Liu, A., Egodawatta, P., Guan, Y. & Goonetilleke, A. Influence of rainfall and catchment characteristics on urban stormwater quality. Science of the Total Environment, 2013, 444, 255–262. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.11.053 · DOI
  19. [32]32. Liu, A., Goonetilleke, A. & Egodawatta, P. Inadequacy of land use and impervious area fraction for determining urban stormwater quality. Water Resources Management, 2012, 26(8), 2259–2265. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11269-012-0014-4 · DOI
  20. [33]33. Kayhanian, M., Suverkropp, C., Ruby, A. & Tsay, K. Characterization and prediction of highway runoff constituent event mean concentration. Journal of Environmental Management, 2007, 85(2), 279–295. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2006.09.024 · DOI
  21. [34]34. Makepeace, D. K., Smith, D. W. & Stanley, S. J. Urban stormwater quality: summary of contaminant data. Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology, 1995, 25(2), 93–139. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10643389509388476 · DOI
  22. [35]35. Eriksson, E., Baun, A., Scholes, L., Ledin, A., Ahlman, S., Revitt, M. et al. Selected stormwater priority pollutants – a European perspective. Science of the Total Environ­ment, 2007, 383(1–3), 41–51.
  23. [36]36. Gasperi, J., Zgheib, S., Cladiere, M., Rocher, V., Moilleron, R. & Chebbo, G. Priority pollutants in urban stormwater: part 2 – case of combined sewers. Water Research, 2012, 46(20), 6693–6703. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2011.09.041 · DOI
  24. [37]37. Zgheib, S., Moilleron, R. & Chebbo, G. Screening of priority pollutants in urban stormwater: innovative methodology. Water Pollution IX, WIT Transactions on Ecology and the Environment, 2008, 111, 235–244. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/WP080231 · DOI
  25. [39]39. Paschke, A. Consideration of the physicochemical properties of sample matrices – an important step in sampling and sample preparation. Trends in Analytical Chemistry, 2003, 22(2), 78–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0165-9936(03)00206-1 · DOI
  26. [40]40. Eriksson, E., Baun, A., Mikkelsen, P. S. & Ledin, A. Chemical hazard identification and assessment tool for evaluation of stormwater priority pollutants. Water Science and Technology: A Journal of the International Association on Water Pollution Research, 2005, 51(2), 47–55.
  27. [41]41. Madrid, Y. & Zayas, Z. P. Water sampling: traditional methods and new approaches in water sampling strategy. Trends in Analytical Chemistry, 2007, 26(4), 293–299. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.trac.2007.01.002 · DOI
  28. [43]43. Thomson, N. R., McBean, E. A., Snodgrass, W. & Monstrenko, I. B. Highway stormwater runoff quality: development of surrogate parameter relationships. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, 1997, 94(3–4), 307–347. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1026403519915 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02406066 · DOI
  29. [44]44. Grayson, R. B., Finlayson, B. L., Gippel, C. J. & Hart, B. T. The potential of field turbidity measurements for the computation of total phosphorus and suspended solids loads. Journal of Environmental Management, 1996, 47(3), 257–267. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jema.1996.0051 · DOI
  30. [45]45. Miguntanna, N. S., Egodawatta, P., Kokot, S. & Goonetilleke, A. Determination of a set of surrogate parameters to assess urban stormwater quality. The Science of the Total Environment, 2010, 408(24), 6251–6259. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2010.09.015 · DOI
  31. [46]46. Settle, S., Goonetilleke, A. & Ayoko, G. Determination of surrogate indicators for phosphorus and solids in urban stormwater: application of multivariate data analysis techniques. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, 2007, 182(1–4), 149–161. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11270-006-9328-2 · DOI
  32. [47]47. Zhao, J. W., Shan, B. Q. & Yin, C. Q. Pollutant loads of surface runoff in Wuhan City Zoo, an urban tourist area. Journal of Environmental Sciences (China), 2007, 19(4), 464–468. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1001-0742(07)60077-1 · DOI
  33. [48]48. Zeng, X. & Rasmussen, T. C. Multivariate statistical characterization of water quality in Lake Lanier, Georgia, USA. Journal of Environmental Quality, 2005, 34(6), 1980–1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/jeq2004.0337 · DOI
  34. [49]49. Fogle, A. W., Taraba, J. L. & Dinger, J. S. Mass load estimation errors utilizing grab sampling strategies in a karst watershed. JAWRA Journal of the American Water Resources Association, 2003, 39(6), 1361–1372. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2003.tb04423.x · DOI
  35. [53]53. Maidment, D. R. Handbook of Hydrology. McGraw-Hill, NY, USA, 1993, 1424 pp.
  36. [61]61. McIntyre, N. & Marshall, M. Field verification of bed-mounted ADV meters. In Proceedings of the ICE – Water Management. 2008, 161(4), 199–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/wama.2008.161.4.199 · DOI
  37. [62]62. Nord, G., Gallart, F., Gratiot, N., Soler, M., Reid, I., Vachtman, D. et al. Applicability of acoustic Doppler devices for flow velocity measurements and discharge estimation in flows with sediment transport. Journal of Hydrology, 2014, 509, 504–518. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2013.11.020 · DOI
  38. [64]64. Ramsey, M. H. Sampling as a source of measurement uncertainty: techniques for quantification and comparison with analytical sources. Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry, 1998, 13(2), 97–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/a706815h · DOI
  39. [66]66. Martin, G. R., Smoot, J. L. & White, K. D. A comparison of surface-grab and cross sectionally integrated stream-water-quality sampling methods. Water Environment Research, 1992, 64(7), 866–876. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/WER.64.7.4 · DOI
  40. [67]67. Rode, M. & Suhr, U. Uncertainties in selected river water quality data. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions, 2007, 11(2), 863–874. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-11-863-2007 · DOI
  41. [69]69. Roesner, L. A. & Kidner, E. M. Improved protocol for classification and analysis of stormwater-borne solids. Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation, 2007, 2007(13), 5539–5566. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/193864707787969324 · DOI
  42. [70]70. Khan, S., Lau, S., Kayhanian, M. & Stenstrom, M. Oil and grease measurement in Highway Runoff – sampling time and event mean concentrations. Journal of Environ­mental Engineering, 2006, 132(3), 415–422.
  43. [71]71. Harmel, R. D., Slade, R. M., Jr. & Haney, R. L. Impact of sampling techniques on measured stormwater quality data for small streams. Journal of Environmental Quality, 2010, 39(5), 1734–1742. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/jeq2009.0498 · DOI
  44. [72]72. McGuire, P. E., Daniel, T. C., Stoffel, D. & Andraski, B. Sample intake position and loading rates from nonpoint source pollution. Environmental Management, 1980, 4(1), 73–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01866222 · DOI
  45. [73]73. Selbig, W. R., Cox, A. & Bannerman, R. T. Verification of a depth-integrated sample arm as a means to reduce solids stratification bias in urban stormwater sampling. Journal of Environmental Monitoring, 2012, 14(4), 1138–1144. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c2em10999a · DOI
  46. [74]74. McCarthy, D. T., Deletic, A., Mitchell, V. G., Fletcher, T. D. & Diaper, C. Uncertainties in stormwater E. coli levels. Water Research, 2008, 42(6–7), 1812–1824. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2007.11.009 · DOI
  47. [75]75. McCarthy, D. T., Bach, P. & Deletic, A. Conducting a Microbial Budget – a Literature Review. Melbourne Water, Melbourne, Australia, 2009, 74 pp.
  48. [76]76. Taylor, G. D., Fletcher, T. D., Wong, T. H. F., Breen, P. F. & Duncan, H. P. Nitrogen composition in urban runoff – implications for stormwater management. Water Research, 2005, 39(10), 1982–1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2005.03.022 · DOI
  49. [77]77. McCarthy, D. T., Lewis, J. & Bratieres, K. Effective monitoring and assessment of contaminants impacting the mid to lower Yarra catchments: a temporal scale assessment; Towards water sensitive cities and citizens. In Proceedings of the 6th International Water Sensitive Urban Design Conference (WSUD09) and Hydropolis. Australian Water Association, 2009, 432–440.
  50. [78]78. Janke, B., Finlay, J., Hobbie, S., Baker, L., Sterner, R., Nidzgorski, D. et al. Contrasting influences of stormflow and baseflow pathways on nitrogen and phosphorus export from an urban watershed. Biogeochemistry, 2014, 121(1), 209–228. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10533-013-9926-1 · DOI
  51. [79]79. Nicolau, R., Lucas, Y., Merdy, P. & Raynaud, M. Base flow and stormwater net fluxes of carbon and trace metals to the Mediterranean Sea by an urbanized small river. Water Research, 2012, 46(20), 6625–6637. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2012.01.031 · DOI
  52. [81]81. Liu, A., Egodawatta, P. & Goonetilleke, A. Variability of input parameters related to pollutants build-up in stormwater quality modelling. In Proceedings of 34th IAHR World Congress (Valentine, E. M., ed.). Qld: Engineers Australia, Brisbane, 2011, 2647–2654.
  53. [84]84. King, K. W. & Harmel, R. D. Considerations in selecting a water quality sampling strategy. Transactions of the ASAE, 2003, 46(1), 63–73.
  54. [85]85. Harmel, R. D. & King, K. W. Uncertainty in measured sediment and nutrient flux in runoff from small agri­cultural watersheds. Transactions of the ASAE, 2005, 48(5), 1713–1721. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.20005 · DOI
  55. [86]86. Stone, K. C., Hunt, P. G., Novak, J. M., Johnson, M. H. & Watts, D. W. Flow-proportional, time-composited, and grab sample estimation of nitrogen export from an eastern coastal plain watershed. Transactions of the ASAE, 2000, 43(2), 281–290. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.2703 · DOI
  56. [87]87. Butler, D. & Davies, J. Urban Drainage: CRC Press, 2004, 542 pp.
  57. [88]88. Egodawatta, P., Thomas, E. & Goonetilleke, A. Mathematical interpretation of pollutant wash-off from urban road surfaces using simulated rainfall. Water Research, 2007, 41(13), 3025–3031. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2007.03.037 · DOI
  58. [89]89. Liu, A., Goonetilleke, A. & Egodawatta, P. Taxonomy for rainfall events based on pollutant wash-off potential in urban areas. Ecological Engineering, 2012, 47, 110–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2012.06.008 · DOI
  59. [91]91. Harmel, R. D., King, K. W. & Slade, R. M. Automated storm water sampling on small watersheds. Applied Engineering in Agriculture, 2003, 19(6), 667–674. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.15662 · DOI
  60. [92]92. King, K. W., Harmel, R. D. & Fausey, N. R. Develop­ment and sensitivity of a method to select time-and flow-paced storm event sampling intervals for headwater streams. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2005, 60(6), 323–330.
  61. [93]93. Miller, P., Mohtar, R. & Engel, B. Water quality monitoring strategies and their effects on mass load calculation. Transactions of the ASABE, 2007, 50(3), 817–829. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.23147 · DOI
  62. [94]94. Abtew, W. & Powell, B. Water quality sampling schemes for variable flow canals at remote sites. JAWRA Journal of the American Water Resources Association, 2004, 40(5), 1197–1204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2004.tb01579.x · DOI
  63. [95]95. Bach, P. M., McCarthy, D. T. & Deletic, A. Redefining the stormwater first flush phenomenon. Water Research, 2010, 44(8), 2487–2498. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2010.01.022 · DOI
  64. [96]96. Duncan, H. A Review of Urban Stormwater Quality Processes. Cooperative Research Centre for Catchment Hydrology Melbourne, Australia, 1995, 38 pp.
  65. [97]97. Sansalone, J. J. & Cristina, C. M. First flush concepts for suspended and dissolved solids in small impervious watersheds. Journal of Environmental Engineering, 2004, 130(11), 1301–1314. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9372(2004)130:11(1301) · DOI
  66. [98]98. Han, Y., Lau, S. L., Kayhanian, M. & Stenstrom, M. K. Characteristics of highway stormwater runoff. Water Environment Research: A Research Publication of the Water Environment Federation, 2006, 78(12), 2377–2388.
  67. [99]99. McCarthy, D. T. A traditional first flush assessment of E. coli in urban stormwater runoff. Water Science and Technology: A Journal of the International Association on Water Pollution Research, 2009, 60(11), 2749–2757.
  68. [100]100. Shih, G., Abtew, W. & Obeysekera, J. Accuracy of nutrient runoff load calculations using time-composite sampling. Transactions of the ASAE, 1994, 37(2), 419–429. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.28093 · DOI
  69. [101]101. Tiefenthaler, L. L. & Schiff, K. C. Temporal variability patterns of stormwater concentrations in a large urban watershed. Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation, 2005, 2005(3), 375–387.
  70. [102]102. Belt, K. T., Stack, W. P., Pouyat, R. V., Burgess, K., Groffman, P. M., Frost, W. M. et al. Ultra-urban baseflow and stormflow concentrations and fluxes in a watershed undergoing restoration (WS263). Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation, 2012, 2012(5), 262–276. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/193864712811698989 · DOI
  71. [103]103. Francey, M., Fletcher, T. D. , Deletic, A. & Duncan, H. New insights into the quality of urban storm water in South Eastern Australia. Journal of Environmental Engineering, 2010, 136(4), 381–390. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)EE.1943-7870.0000038 · DOI
  72. [104]104. Schiff, K. Review of existing stormwater monitoring programs for estimating bight-wide mass emissions from urban runoff. In Southern California Coastal Water Research Project Annual Report 1995–96 (Weisberg, S., Francisco, C. & Hallock, D., eds). Westminster, California, 1997, 44–55.
  73. [105]105. Pandit, A. & Gopalakrishnan, G. Estimation of annual pollutant loads under wet-weather conditions. Journal of Hydrologic Engineering, 1997, 2(4), 211–218. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1084-0699(1997)2:4(211) · DOI
  74. [106]106. Ward, R. C., Loftis, J. C. & McBride, G. B. Design of Water Quality Monitoring Systems. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey, 1990, 235 pp.
  75. [108]108. McCarthy, D. T., Hathaway, J. M., Hunt, W. F. & Deletic, A. Intra-event variability of Escherichia coli and total suspended solids in urban stormwater runoff. Water Research, 2012, 46(20), 6661–6670. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2012.01.006 · DOI
  76. [109]109. Sliva, L. & Williams, D. D. Buffer zone versus whole catchment approaches to studying land use impact on river water quality. Water Research, 2001, 35(14), 3462–3472. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0043-1354(01)00062-8 · DOI
  77. [110]110. May, D. & Sivakumar, M. Optimum number of storms required to derive site mean concentrations at urban catchments. Urban Water Journal, 2009, 6(2), 107–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15730620802685081 · DOI
  78. [111]111. Maniquiz-Redillas, M. C., Mercado, J. M. R. & Kim, L.-H. Determination of the number of storm events representing the pollutant mean concentration in urban runoff. Desalination and Water Treatment, 2013, 51(19–21), 4002–4009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19443994.2013.781002 · DOI
  79. [112]112. Mourad, M., Bertrand-Krajewski. J. L. & Chebbo, G. Stormwater quality models: sensitivity to calibration data. Water Science and Technology: A Journal of the International Association on Water Pollution Research, 2005, 52(5), 61–68.
  80. [114]114. Mourad, M., Bertrand-Krajewski, J. L. & Chebbo, G. Calibration and validation of multiple regression models for stormwater quality prediction: data partitioning, effect of dataset size and characteristics. Water Science and Technology: A Journal of the International Association on Water Pollution Research, 2005, 52(3), 45–52.
  81. [115]115. Bertrand-Krajewski, J.-L. Stormwater pollutant loads modelling: epistemological aspects and case studies on the influence of field data sets on calibration and verification. Water Science and Technology: A Journal of the International Association on Water Pollution Research, 2007, 55(4), 1–17.
  82. [117]117. Mourad, M., Bertrand-Krajewski, J. L. & Chebbo, G. Sensitivity to experimental data of pollutant site mean concentration in stormwater runoff. Water Science and Technology: A Journal of the International Association on Water Pollution Research, 2005, 51(2), 155–162.
  83. [119]119. Valtanen, M., Sillanpää, N. & Setälä, H. Effects of land use intensity on stormwater runoff and its temporal occurrence in cold climates. Hydrological Processes, 2014, 28(4), 2639–2650. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.9819 · DOI
  84. [120]120. Sillanpää, N. Effects of Suburban Development on Runoff Generation and Water Quality. Doctoral Thesis, Aalto University, Finland, 2013, 240 pp.
  85. [121]121. Karlavičienė, V., Švedienė, S., Marčiulionienė, D. E., Randerson, P., Rimeika, M. & Hogland, W. The impact of storm water runoff on a small urban stream. Journal of Soils and Sediments, 2008, 9(1), 6–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11368-008-0038-9 · DOI
  86. [122]122. Mancinelli, E., Baltrėnaitė, E., Baltrėnas, P, Paliulis, D., Passerini, G. & Almås, Å. R. Trace metal concentration and speciation in storm water runoff on impervious surfaces. Journal of Environmental Engineering and Landscape Management, 2015, 23(1), 15–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/16486897.2014.936441 · DOI
  87. [123]123. Milukaitė, A., Šakalys, J., Kvietkus, K., Vosylienė, M. Z., Kazlauskienė, N. & Karlavičienė, V. Physico-chemical and ecotoxicological characterizations of urban storm water runoff. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 2010, 19(6), 1279–1285.
  88. [124]124. Valtanen, M., Sillanpää, N. & Setälä, H. The effects of urbanization on runoff pollutant concentrations, loadings and their seasonal patterns under cold climate. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, 2014, 225(6), 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11270-014-1977-y · DOI
  89. [126]126. Maharjan, B., Pachel, K. & Loigu, E. Urban stormwater quality and quantity in the city of Tallinn. European Scientific Journal, 2013, 9(21), 305–314.
  90. [130]130. EU. Directive 2006/7/EC of the European Parliament and the Council of 15 February 2006 concerning the management of bathing water quality and repealing. Directive 76/160/EEC2006. Official Journal of the European Union, 2006, L64, 37–51. Available from: http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri= CELEX%3A32006L0007 [accessed 25 August 2015]. Back to Issue Choose new content alerts Terms and Conditions Privacy Policy Estonian Academy Publishers Kohtu 6, 10130 Tallinn, Estonia www.eap.ee info@eap.ee Estonian Academy of Sciences Kohtu 6, 10130 Tallinn, Estonia www.akadeemia.ee Choose new content alerts Get notified as soon as a new issue is published. Subscribe for free You can unsubscribe at any time.

Cited by

Sorted by citations

See all 13

Metadata

Authors
Maharjan, B., Pachel, K., & Loigu, E.
Affiliations
Tallinn University of Technology (EE)
ORCID
Pachel, Karin
Venue
Estonian Journal of Earth Sciences
Publisher
Estonian Academy Publishers
Published
2016-08-23
Volume
65
Issue
3
Pages
176-199
ISSN
  • 1406-0132 (ISSN-L)
  • 1736-4728
DOI
10.3176/earth.2016.12
OpenAlex
W2517742321
Cited by
13
References
2
Citations by year
2026: 4 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 1 · 2021: 2 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 2
FWCI
0.55
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Proceedings of the Estonian Academy of Sciences Geology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Engineering › Urban Stormwater Management Solutions
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Water Science and Technology › Hydrology and Watershed Management Studies
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Water Science and Technology › Water Quality and Pollution Assessment
Keywords
urban stormwater, stormwater monitoring, sampling methods, sampling site selection, monitoring parameters, stormwater quality, stormwater management

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review