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A review of emotion deficits in schizophrenia
Open accessAbstract
Emotion deficits in schizophrenia have been described since the time of Kraepelin. However, no comprehensive review of clinical emotion studies has ever been conducted. In this work, studies that used diagnostic criteria and were published in English were selected from an extensive PubMed search. Fifty-five studies on emotion expression repeatedly showed that individuals with schizophrenia (IWSs) display fewer overt expressions than nonpatient comparison subjects (NCSs) in verbal, facial, and acoustic channels. No clear differences were found between IWSs and depressed subjects. Sixty-nine studies examined emotion experience in schizophrenia. IWSs report higher anhedonia, and they tend to show more negative emotions in real-life event studies. In evocative studies, they report a similar degree of pleasantness and a similar or higher degree of unpleasantness. From 110 studies, it can be concluded that emotion recognition is impaired in schizophrenia in all channels. These deficits in social perception are correlated with neurocognitive deficits and some social skills. IWSs show dysfunction in the three domains of emotion expression, emotion experience, and emotion recognition, and these dysfunctions appear to be independent of each other across domains. These deficits in basic emotion processing may be linked to psychopathology and functional outcomes.
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“Third, because patients display a variety of problems in processing of emotions, 46 it is unclear whether a deficit in voluntary or automatic imitation of emotional stimuli 11,12,47,48 would reflect a specific impairment in imitation, or other aspects of emotion processing”
From Enhanced Automatic Action Imitation and Intact Imitation-Inhibition in Schizophrenia (2019) · cites this paper as [46]
In the citing paper
“Individuals with schizophrenia show diminished positive and negative emotions in response to emotional movie clips [387], food [388], and social exchange [389-391], even when taking medication [388].”
From Reward circuitry dysfunction in psychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders and genetic syndromes: animal models and clinical findings (2012) · cites this paper as [391]
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Late electrophysiological potentials and emotion in schizophrenia: A meta-analytic review
Castro, M. K., Bailey, D. H., Zinger, J. F., & Martin, E. A. (2019) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2019.07.013 · Cited by 27
“It is widely reported that individuals with schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder have emotional abnormalities compared to controls (Kring and Elis, 2013; Trémeau, 2006).”
BackgroundResultExpressed and Perceived Criticism, Family Warmth, and Symptoms in Schizophrenia
Medina-Pradas, C., Navarro, J. B., Pousa, E., Montero, M., & Obiols, J. E. (2013) · The Spanish Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1017/sjp.2013.25 · Cited by 28
“…the difficulty to perceive negative emotions in this kind of patients, as defended by some authors (Bellack, Mueser, Wade, Sayers, & Morrison, 1992; Trémeau, 2006), although it seems that this difficulty disappears when the critical attitude shown by the caregiver is very intense (Cutting et al.,…”
BackgroundBoecker, L., & Pauli, P. (2019) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.05.019 · Cited by 34
Mechanisms Underlying Motivational Dysfunction in Schizophrenia
Saleh, Y., Barnham, I. J., Fernández-Egea, E., & Husain, M. (2021) · Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2021.709753 · Cited by 28
“…be more influenced by motivational deficits (anhedonia/avolition/asociality), there is an increasing body of literature using different approaches to quantify both emotional (Trémeau, 2006; Carter et al., 2009; Prochwicz and Rózycka, 2012) and verbal (Cohen et al., 2014) deficits in schizophrenia.”
BackgroundKucharska‐Pietura, K., Tylec, A., Czernikiewicz, A., & Mortimer, A. M. (2012) · Medical Science Monitor · doi:10.12659/msm.882202 · Cited by 24
Examination of affective and cognitive interference in schizophrenia and relation to symptoms.
Martin, E. A., Becker, T. M., Cicero, D. C., & Kerns, J. G. (2013) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0033956 · Cited by 25
Fabro, L. D., Delvecchio, G., D’Agostino, A., & Brambilla, P. (2019) · Human Psychopharmacology Clinical and Experimental · doi:10.1002/hup.2693 · Cited by 25
“…of SCZ and main predictors of poor functional outcome, whereas deficits in emotion processing interfere with intrapersonal and interpersonal functions and underlie negative symptoms, such as apathy and anhedonia (Kring & Elis, 2013; Paquin, Wilson, Cellard, Lecomte, & Potvin, 2014; Trémeau, 2006).”
BackgroundGarcía-Cuesta, E., Barba, A., & Páez, D. G. (2023) · Multimedia Tools and Applications · doi:10.1007/s11042-023-15959-w · Cited by 23
“…in the use of a working definition that consist of a mere list of analogous terms such as’anger, disgust, fear, happiness, sadness, surprise’ [14] which are a categorical description of a more complex human state that includes emotional experience and regulation processes according to [45].”
A new rating scale for negative symptoms: The Motor-Affective-Social Scale
Trémeau, F., Goggin, M., Antonius, D., Czobor, P., Hill, V., & Citrome, L. (2008) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2007.06.021 · Cited by 23
“In evocative tests, individuals with schizophrenia report the same level of pleasure as non-patient control subjects (Trémeau, 2006), even in simulated social situations (Aghevli et al.”
BackgroundSelf-citationPotential therapeutic avenues to tackle social cognition problems in schizophrenia
Brown, E. C., Taş, C., & Brüne, M. (2011) · Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics · doi:10.1586/ern.11.183 · Cited by 23
Aggression, Alexithymia and Sense of Coherence in a Sample of Schizophrenic Outpatients
Pachi, A., Tselebis, A., Ilias, Ι., Tsomaka, E., Papageorgiou, S. M., Baras, S., Kavouria, E., & Giotakis, K. (2022) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare10061078 · Cited by 22
“Studies have described a variety of deficits in emotion processing in individuals with schizophrenia and identified dysfunction in the domains of emotion expression, emotion experience and emotion recognition [33,34].”
BackgroundShehjar, F., Almarghalani, D. A., Mahajan, R., Hasan, S. A.-M., & Shah, Z. A. (2024) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells13020188 · Cited by 22
“Schizophrenia represents a multifaceted neuropsychiatric disorder with a wide range of symptoms, such as hallucinations, delusion, loss of emotional expression, and cognitive deficits that impact memory function and alter synaptic plasticity [127,128].”
BackgroundKucharska‐Pietura, K., Mortimer, A. M., Tylec, A., & Czernikiewicz, A. (2012) · Clinical Schizophrenia & Related Psychoses · doi:10.3371/csrp.6.1.2 · Cited by 24
Effect of risperidone versus haloperidol on emotional responding in schizophrenic patients
Fakra, É., Khalfa, S., Fonséca, D. D., Besnier, N., Delaveau, P., Azorin, J., & Blin, O. J. (2008) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-008-1203-y · Cited by 22
Decoupling of spontaneous facial mimicry from emotion recognition in schizophrenia
Torregrossa, L. J., Bian, D., Wade, J. W., Adery, L. H., Ichinose, M. C., Nichols, H. S., Bekele, E., Sarkar, N., & Park, S. (2019) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2019.03.035 · Cited by 22
“Introduction Abnormalities of emotional experience were recognized as central to schizophrenia by Kraepelin and Bleuler who believed “flat” and “inappropriate” affect to be core features of the illness (see Trémeau, 2006 for a review).”
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“Reliable evidence suggests that there are significant deficits in facial affect identification in schizophrenia, and that emotional expression is flattened in these patients (Tremeau, 2006; Kohler et al., 2010).”
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Sustained attention in the context of emotional processing in patients with schizophrenia
Park, S.-H., Kim, J., Kim, C., Kim, J. H., & Lee, K.-H. (2010) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2010.11.007 · Cited by 21
“All rights reserved. doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2010.11.007 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Psychiatry Research j ourna l homepage: www.e lsev ie r.com/ locate /psychres al., 1997; Addington and Addington, 1998; Kohler et al., 2000; Combs and Gouvier, 2004; Nienow et al., 2006; Tremeau, 2006).”
BackgroundInfluentialEmotion Recognition Impairment in Traumatic Brain Injury Compared With Schizophrenia Spectrum
Mancuso, M., Magnani, N., Cantagallo, A., Rossi, G., Capitani, D., Galletti, V., Cardamone, G., & Robertson, I. H. (2015) · The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease · doi:10.1097/nmd.0000000000000245 · Cited by 22
“Our finding of impaired recognition of facial emotions among Sz and TBI patients replicates that of several other studies (Babbage et al., 2011; Marwick and Hall, 2008; Radice-Neumann et al., 2007; Tremeau, 2006), but this is the first study to show a different underlying basis for the observed deficits in the two cli…”
ResultGeng, C.-H., Wang, C., Yang, J., Wang, H., Ma, R.-Q., Liu, X., & Wang, C. (2017) · Peptides · doi:10.1016/j.peptides.2017.09.002 · Cited by 21
“Impaired social functioning [21], emotional deficits [52], and a reduced Theory of Mind [15] then later characterize schizophrenia patients over the course of the disease.”
BackgroundXu, Y., Deng, F., & Zhong, B. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1097350 · Cited by 19
Emotional memory modulation in schizophrenia: an overview
Dieleman, S., & Röder, C. H. (2012) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/acps.12047 · Cited by 19
Igra, L., Sened, H., Lavi‐Rotenberg, A., Pijnenborg, G. H. M., Lysaker, P. H., & Hasson‐Ohayon, I. (2022) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2022.10.048 · Cited by 17
“Individuals with schizophrenia face diverse challenges in several domains linked to the experience of emotion including emotion recognition, emotion awareness, emotion expression, and emotion regulation (Hoekert et al., 2007; Kring and Moran, 2008; O’Driscoll et al., 2014; Trémeau, 2006; Turetsky et al., 2007).”
BackgroundZou, Y.-M., Ni, K., Yang, Z., Li, Y., Cai, X., Xie, D., Zhang, R., Zhou, F., Li, W., Lui, S. S. Y., et al. (2017) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2017.08.048 · Cited by 19
“To better understand why patients with schizophrenia show deficits in emotion response, Trémeau (2006) suggested that the regulatory domain should be taken into consideration.”
BackgroundMultisensory Integration of Emotion in Schizophrenic Patients
Lin, Y., Ding, H., & Zhang, Y. (2020) · Multisensory Research · doi:10.1163/22134808-bja10016 · Cited by 19
True and false autobiographical memories in schizophrenia: Preliminary results of a diary study
Pernot-Marino, E., Schuster, C., Hédelin, G., Berna, F. S., Zimmermann, M., & Danion, J. (2010) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2009.11.014 · Cited by 18
Balıkçı, K., Aydın, O., Taş, C., & Danacı, A. E. (2017) · Psychiatry and Clinical Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1080/24750573.2017.1387405 · Cited by 17
“[37–39] and unaffected first-degree relatives also seem to be impaired, albeit to a lesser extent [40].”
BackgroundEnhanced Automatic Action Imitation and Intact Imitation-Inhibition in Schizophrenia
Simonsen, A., Fusaroli, R., Skewes, J. C., Roepstorff, A., Campbell-Meiklejohn, D., Mors, O., & Bliksted, V. (2019) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/schbul/sby006 · Cited by 16
Exploring the role of face processing in facial emotion recognition in schizophrenia
Rocca, P., Castagna, F., Mongini, T., Montemagni, C., Rasetti, R., Rocca, G., & Bogetto, F. (2009) · Acta Neuropsychiatrica · doi:10.1111/j.1601-5215.2009.00421.x · Cited by 16
“(1) Identity Discrimination (%identity): two faces of individuals expressing a neutral mood are shown at a time.”
BackgroundMethodBrittain, P. J., Ffytche, D. H., & Surguladze, S. A. (2012) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2012.07.027 · Cited by 16
Qin, Y., Kang, J., Jiao, Z., Wang, Y., Wang, J., Wang, H., Feng, J., Li, J., Wang, F., & Gong, X. (2020) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41398-020-01001-2 · Cited by 16
Kidd, S. A. (2013) · The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/070674371305800110 · Cited by 16
Patrick, R., & Christensen, B. (2013) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291713000445 · Cited by 17
“Similarly, abnormalities in emotional processing have been observed (Tremeau, 2006; Anticevic & Corlett, 2012), although in-the-moment emotional experience appears to be intact (Matthews & Barch, 2004; Herbener, 2008; Anticevic et al.”
BackgroundLee, S. J., Yoo, S. Y., Kang, D., Lee, K. J., Ha, T. H., Wee, W., Lee, A.-R., Kim, N. S., & Kwon, J. S. (2008) · Psychopathology · doi:10.1159/000125557 · Cited by 16
Chechko, N., Pagel, A. D., Otte, E., Koch, I., & Habel, U. (2016) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00773 · Cited by 16
“It has been suggested that patients with schizophrenia are less accurate in facial expression of affective messages, showing reduced facial action responsivity across emotions and generalized performance deficits in emotion recognition (for review see e.g., Mandal et al., 1998; Trémeau, 2006).”
BackgroundLeshem, R., Icht, M., Bentzur, R., & Ben‐David, B. M. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2020.601763 · Cited by 14
Igra, L., Shilon, S., Kivity, Y., Atzil–Slonim, D., Lavi‐Rotenberg, A., & Hasson‐Ohayon, I. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2023.944457 · Cited by 18
“Based on the inconclusive findings regarding emotional deficits, ER strategies, and ER skills that are related to ER abilities (Trémeau, 2006), in the current study, we compared SCZ, participants with emotional disorders, and controls in their ER abilities and related outcomes.”
BackgroundResultInfluentialAutism spectrum disorder and schizophrenia: a phenomenological comparison
Schnitzler, T., & Fuchs, T. A. E. (2025) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2025.1546453 · Cited by 15
Facial emotional expression in schizophrenia adolescents during verbal interaction with a parent
Lotzin, A., Haack-Dees, B., Resch, F., Romer, G., & Ramsauer, B. (2013) · European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.1007/s00406-012-0386-8 · Cited by 12
Altered brain responses to specific negative emotions in schizophrenia
García‐León, M. Á., Fuentes‐Claramonte, P., Valiente-Gómez, A., Natividad, C., Salgado‐Pineda, P., Gomar, J. J., Guerrero‐Pedraza, A., Portillo, F., Ortiz‐Gil, J., Alonso-Lana, S., et al. (2021) · NeuroImage Clinical · doi:10.1016/j.nicl.2021.102894 · Cited by 14
“This impaired emotional functioning includes deficits in emotional expression, perception, and recognition (Kring and Elis, 2013; Trémeau, 2006).”
BackgroundEmotion Recognition in Kindergarten Children
Čović, A., von Steinbüchel, N., & Kiese-Himmel, C. (2019) · Folia Phoniatrica et Logopaedica · doi:10.1159/000500589 · Cited by 13
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“from affective flattening exhibit lower emotional fluctuations than do normal speakers [46].”
BackgroundGupta, T., Osborne, K. J., Nadig, A., Haase, C. M., & Mittal, V. A. (2022) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291722003087 · Cited by 12
“Corrugator activity has been suggested to be reflective of concentration and effort as well (Trémeau, 2006).”
Phalen, P. L., Kimhy, D., Jobes, D. A., & Bennett, M. E. (2023) · European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.1007/s00406-023-01675-x · Cited by 14
“People with psychotic disorders tend to evidence wide-ranging deficits in the perception [57, 58], prediction [59], expression [60, 61], identification [38, 62], and control [53, 63, 64] of emotion.”
Varaprasad, S. A., Goel, T., Tanveer, M., & Murugan, R. (2024) · Applied Soft Computing · doi:10.1016/j.asoc.2024.111457 · Cited by 12
Bechi, M., Bosia, M., Spangaro, M., Pigoni, A., Buonocore, M., Scrofani, D., Cocchi, F., Bianchi, L., Guglielmino, C., Smeraldi, E., et al. (2016) · Neuropsychological Rehabilitation · doi:10.1080/09602011.2016.1240698 · Cited by 11
“…have reported that visual emotional face recognition is disrupted in patients with schizophrenia (Kohler, Walker, Martin, Healey, & Moberg, 2010; Tremeau, 2006), only a few studies have focused on auditory prosody discrimination and multisensory integration of facial and vocal affect, i.e.,…”
BackgroundSupriyaPatro, P., Goel, T., Varaprasad, S. A., Tanveer, M., & Murugan, R. (2022) · Cognitive Computation · doi:10.1007/s12559-022-10093-5 · Cited by 16
“The three domains of emotion expression, emotion experience, and emotion recognition all exhibit dysfunction in IWSs [2, 3].”
Automatic recognition of schizophrenia from facial videos using 3D convolutional neural network
Huang, J., Zhao, Y., Qu, W., Tian, Z., Tan, Y., Wang, Z., & Tan, S. (2022) · Asian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.ajp.2022.103263 · Cited by 12
Emotion antecedents in schizophrenia
Trémeau, F., Antonius, D., Goggin, M., Czobor, P., Butler, P. D., Malaspina, D., & Gorman, J. M. (2009) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2008.06.022 · Cited by 11
“Trémeau et al. / Psychiatry Research 169 (2009) 43–50”
BackgroundSelf-citationStrauss, G. P., Esfahlani, F. Z., Raugh, I. M., Luther, L., & Sayama, H. (2023) · European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.1007/s00406-023-01623-9 · Cited by 10
“3) SZ would demonstrate greater centrality than CN for sadness and fear for microscopic analyses focused on negative emotions alone, consistent with past studies indicating abnormal emotional appraisal of these discrete states in schizophrenia [35, 38].”
BackgroundResultExperiencing negative symptoms in psychosis: a systematic qualitative review
Moernaut, N., & Vanheule, S. (2020) · Psychosis · doi:10.1080/17522439.2020.1784257 · Cited by 10
“However, while emotional expression might decline in psychosis, emotional experience is often intact or even amplified (Kring et al., 1993; Trémeau, 2006).”
BackgroundNeural markers of emotional face perception across psychotic disorders and general population.
Sabharwal, A., Kotov, R., Szekely, A., Leung, H., Barch, D. M., & Mohanty, A. (2017) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/abn0000279 · Cited by 11
“Consistent with the idea that negative symptoms are associated with increased emotional reactivity towards unpleasant stimuli, studies show that EFP deficits tend to be specific to negatively-valenced, as opposed to positively-valence facial expressions (Edwards et al., 2002; Mandal et al., 1998; Morrison, Bellack, &…”
BackgroundD’Anna, G., Zarbo, C., Cardamone, G., Zamparini, M., Calza, S., Rota, M., Correll, C. U., Rocchetti, M., Starace, F., de Girolamo, G., et al. (2023) · Schizophrenia · doi:10.1038/s41537-023-00372-x · Cited by 11
Zierhut, M. M., Böge, K., Bergmann, N., Hahne, I., Braun, A., Kraft, J., Ta, T. M. T., Ripke, S., Bajbouj, M., & Hahn, E. W. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.865226 · Cited by 11
“Impaired emotional functioning has been linked to negative symptoms and can be conceptualized as a fundamental clinical feature in SSD (7, 23, 24).”
BackgroundInfluentialStability of Facial Affective Expressions in Schizophrenia
Fatouros-Bergman, H., Spang, J., Merten, J., Preisler, G., & Werbart, A. (2012) · Schizophrenia Research and Treatment · doi:10.1155/2012/867424 · Cited by 7
“Furthermore, patients with schizophrenia have been found to limit their facial affective repertoire to mainly negative affective expressions [7, 11, 16], an observation that may be present even before the clinical onset of psychosis [17].”
BackgroundResultProsodic deficits and interpersonal difficulties in patients with schizophrenia
Pawełczyk, A. M., Łojek, E., Radek, M., & Pawełczyk, T. (2021) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2021.114244 · Cited by 9
Criminal Narratives of Mentally Disordered Offenders: An Exploratory Study
Spruin, E., Canter, D., Youngs, D., & Coulston, B. (2014) · Journal of Forensic Psychology Practice · doi:10.1080/15228932.2014.965987 · Cited by 11
Herbert, C., Hesse, K., & Wildgruber, D. (2017) · Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2017.09.003 · Cited by 10
Tsai, H., Wu, L., & Chang, S. (2023) · Nursing Open · doi:10.1002/nop2.1741 · Cited by 8
“Common symptoms include false beliefs, unclear or confused thinking, delusions, hallucinations, decreased social activity and emotional expression, and lack of motivation (Trémeau, 2006).”
BackgroundMultidimensional schizotypy and embodied emotions
Torregrossa, L. J., Blain, S. D., Snodgress, M. A., & Park, S. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1141799 · Cited by 8
“Kraepelin and Bleuler believed that “flat” and “inappropriate” affect were core features of the illness (see Trémeau, 2006 for a review).”
BackgroundFamiliarity preference in schizophrenia is associated with ambivalent attitudes towards others
Antonius, D., Bruce, K. L., Moisa, B., Sinclair, S. J., Malaspina, D., & Trémeau, F. (2013) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2013.07.056 · Cited by 8
“Studies have shown that the emotional reactivity of people with schizophrenia is rather intact; they report similar levels of pleasantness as controls when presented with pleasant stimuli (Trémeau, 2006).”
Self-citationOta, M., Matsuo, J., Sato, N., Teraishi, T., Hori, H., Hattori, K., Kamio, Y., & Kunugi, H. (2017) · Acta Neuropsychiatrica · doi:10.1017/neu.2017.9 · Cited by 8
“Impairments in social communication and social interaction are common in schizophrenia, and numerous studies have shown impaired perception of emotional expressions in schizophrenia (see review; (1,2)).”
BackgroundSocial Class, Sex, and the Ability to Recognize Emotions: The Main Effect is in the Interaction
Brener, S. A., Frankenhuis, W. E., Young, E. S., & Ellis, B. J. (2023) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/01461672231159775 · Cited by 10
“Research on emotion recognition skills has been heavily focused on measuring differences between neurotypical and neurodiverse people, suggesting that individuals with conditions such as autism and schizophrenia show deficits in interpreting facial cues (Trémeau, 2006; Yeung, 2021).”
BackgroundVivas, A. B., Hussain-Showaiter, S. M., & Overton, P. G. (2021) · Applied Neuropsychology Adult · doi:10.1080/23279095.2021.1956497 · Cited by 8
“With regard to emotion, there is substantial research investigating experience, expression and recognition of basic emotions in schizophrenia, which suggests a dissociation of impairments (Kohler & Martin, 2006; Tr emeau, 2006).”
BackgroundVial, I., Moskalewicz, M., Szuła, A., SCHWARTZ, M. A., & Fuchs, T. A. E. (2024) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1445615 · Cited by 7
Measuring Emotional Awareness in Patients With Schizophrenia and Schizoaffective Disorders
Maaßen, E., Büttner, M., Bröcker, A., Stuke, F., Bayer, S., Hadzibegovic, J., Just, S. A., Bertram, G., Rau, R., von Haebler, D., et al. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.725787 · Cited by 8
“Specific impairments that have been found in SSD patients include deficits in basic aspects of emotion processing (Tremeau, 2006) as well as in various aspects of theory of mind (ToM; Frith, 2004; Sprong et al.”
BackgroundCognitive Control System Gates Insula Processing of Affective Stimuli in Early Psychosis
Koussis, N. C., Burgher, B., Jeganathan, J., Scott, J. G., Cocchi, L., & Breakspear, M. J. (2023) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/schbul/sbad010 · Cited by 7
“28 PEB was employed to understand which parameter best explained (1) group differences, and (2) between subjects’ PANSS negative symptom score as a continuous covariate within the psychosis cohort.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialGültekin, G., Yuksek, E., Kalelioğlu, T., Baş, A., Baş, T. Ö., & Duran, A. (2017) · Psychiatry and Clinical Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1080/24750573.2017.1293242 · Cited by 7
Papanastasiou, E., Mouchlianitis, E. D., Joyce, D. W., McGuire, P. K., Boussebaa, C., Banaschewski, T., Bokde, A. L. W., Büchel, C., Quinlan, E. B., Desrivières, S., et al. (2020) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-020-62026-7 · Cited by 8
Identification of Primary Facial Emotions in Relation to Level of Self-Criticism
Strnádelová, B., Halamová, J., & Kanovský, M. (2019) · Perception · doi:10.1177/0301006619870399 · Cited by 7
“Impairments in facial-emotion recognition have also been reported among people diagnosed with schizophrenia (e.g., Tremeau, 2006), autism (Hobson, Ouston, & Lee, 1989), antisocial behavior (Marsh & Blair, 2007), or neuroticism (Andric et al., 2016).”
BackgroundHuang, J., Zhao, Y., Tian, Z., Qu, W., Du, X., Zhang, J., Tan, Y., Wang, Z., & Tan, S. (2023) · Computers in Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.compbiomed.2023.107359 · Cited by 6
Emotional Contagion and Emotional Mimicry in Individuals with Schizophrenia: A Systematic Review
Parisi, M., Marín, L., Fauviaux, T., Aigoin, E., & Raffard, S. (2024) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm13175296 · Cited by 7
Anger Experience and Anger Expression Through Drawing in Schizophrenia: An fNIRS Study
Yan, W., Ji, W., Su, C., Yu, Y., Yu, X., & Chen, L. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.721148 · Cited by 6
“Research on alexithymia in patients with schizophrenia has focused on the first aspect, as expressed through facial (Berenbaum and Oltmanns, 1992; Aghevli et al., 2003; Gaebel and Wölwer, 2004) and vocal expressions (Levin et al., 1985; Alpert et al., 2002; Trémeau, 2006) in particular.”
BackgroundAre All Mental Disorders Affective Disorders?
Maiese, M. L. (2023) · Passion Journal of the European Philosophical Society for the Study of Emotions · doi:10.59123/passion.v1i1.12728 · Cited by 7
“In fact, there is evidence that subjects with schizophrenia commonly exhibit blunted affect and deficits in emotional expressiveness (Trémeau 2006).”
BackgroundRotenberg, V. S. (2011) · Activitas Nervosa Superior · doi:10.1007/bf03379929 · Cited by 5
Beals, K., Torregrossa, L., Smith, R. S., Lane, R. D., & Sheffield, J. M. (2024) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1325617 · Cited by 5
“Alterations in emotional processes are commonly observed in individuals with schizophrenia and have been noticed as a core aspect of the disorder from the time of Kraepelin (1).”
BackgroundDemographic and Clinical Correlates of Social Cognition in Schizophrenia: Observation from India
Dewangan, R. L., Singh, P., Mahapatra, T., & Mahapatra, S. (2018) · Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine · doi:10.4103/ijpsym.ijpsym_156_17 · Cited by 5
“Consistent with previous studies,([40-42]) it was observed that patients with schizophrenia had altered perceptions of facial expression compared to healthy controls.”
ResultGrattan, R. E., Tryon, V. L., Carter, C. S., & Niendam, T. A. (2020) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113517 · Cited by 5
“Emotion dysregulation and impulsivity represent two factors associated with suicide behavior that may be of particular concern to those experiencing FEP (Huddy et al., 2013; Trémeau, 2006).”
BackgroundStroth, S., Kamp, D., Drusch, K., Frommann, N., & Wölwer, W. (2015) · The World Journal of Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.3109/15622975.2015.1051110 · Cited by 5
Lim, J., Chong, H. J., & Kim, A. J. (2017) · Nordic Journal of Music Therapy · doi:10.1080/08098131.2017.1405999 · Cited by 5
“Studies suggest that they have deficits in recognizing emotional expressions of other people, such as facial, visual, auditory, verbal expressions (Irani, Seligman, Kamath, Kohler, & Gur, 2012; Kohler, Walker, Martin, Healey, & Moberg, 2010; Kring & Elis, 2013; Trémeau, 2006).”
BackgroundCan Automatic Facial Expression Analysis Be Used for Treatment Outcome Estimation in Schizophrenia?
Bishay, M., Priebe, S., & Patras, I. (2019) · IEEE International Conference on Acoustics Speech and Signal Processing · doi:10.1109/icassp.2019.8682652 · Cited by 5
“flat affect, impoverished speech) [3], which are observed through a diminution in the patients’ non-verbal behaviour during social/clinical interventions [4].”
BackgroundThe Prominent Deck B Phenomenon in Schizophrenia: An Empirical Study on Iowa Gambling Task
Xu, M., Lee, W.-K., Ko, C., Chiu, Y.-C., & Lin, C.-H. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.619855 · Cited by 5
“It is generally accepted that Sz cases have impaired learning and rewarding systems (Waltz and Gold, 2007; Saperia et al., 2019; Woodrow et al., 2019), dysfunctional emotion processing (Trémeau, 2006), and decision-making deficits in goal-directed behavior (Gold et al., 2008; Saperia et al., 2019).”
BackgroundNeuropsychologie clinique de la schizophrénie
Roy, V. L. (2011) · Dunod eBooks · doi:10.3917/dunod.prout.2011.01.0021 · Cited by 5
Dhyani, I., Karna, S., Singhal, S., Narnoli, S., Sharma, P., Ganesh, R., & Verma, R. K. (2026) · Asian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.ajp.2026.104837 · Cited by 4
Temporal dynamics of affective scene processing in the healthy adult human brain
Vogeley, A., Livinski, A. A., Varnosfaderani, S. D., Javaheripour, N., Jamalabadi, H., Kotoula, V., Henter, I. D., Hejazi, N. S., Price, R. B., Yavi, M., et al. (2025) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2025.106003 · Cited by 5
Les endophénotypes émotionnels dans les troubles bipolaires et la schizophrénie
Fakra, É., Dubois, M., Adida, M., Correard, N., Kaladjian, A., Mazzola‐Pomietto, P., Belzeaux-R, R., Cermolacce, M., & Azorin, J. (2012) · L Encéphale · doi:10.1016/s0013-7006(12)70085-4 · Cited by 4
Volovik, D. D., Omelchenko, M. A., & Ivanova, A. (2021) · Consortium Psychiatricum · doi:10.17816/cp65 · Cited by 3
Description of a Dialectical Behavior Therapy program in a Veterans Affairs Health Care System
Phalen, P. L., Grossmann, J. L., Bruder, T., Jeong, J. Y., Calmes, C. A., McGrath, K., Malouf, E. T., James, A., Romero, E. G., & Bennett, M. E. (2022) · Evaluation and Program Planning · doi:10.1016/j.evalprogplan.2022.102098 · Cited by 3
“…(Khoury & Lecomte, 2012; Tully & Niendam, 2014), and people with psychosis exhibit wide-ranging deficits in the perception (Pinkham et al., 2007; Tremeau, 2006) prediction (Kring & Caponigro, 2010), expression (Henry et al., 2007; Mandal et al., 1998), identification (Kimhy et al., 2012;…”
Grecucci, A., Orsini, C., Lapomarda, G., Sorella, S., & Messina, I. (2023) · Neuroimage Reports · doi:10.1016/j.ynirp.2023.100173 · Cited by 2
Weijers, J., van Kaam, F. V., Selten, J., de Winter, R. D., & ten Kate, C. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1226507 · Cited by 3
“Similarly, several meta-analyses have now established that SCZ patients have an impaired ability to understand thoughts and feelings of others [for overviews see (22, 23)], have an impaired awareness of their own internal sensory-affective experience (24), and show difficulty verbalizing such experience (25).”
BackgroundAusdruck, Erkennen und Erleben von Emotion bei psychischen Störungen
Wolf, K., Maß, R., Lambert, M., Wiedemann, K., & Naber, D. (2013) · Der Nervenarzt · doi:10.1007/s00115-013-3778-8 · Cited by 3
Lee, W., Lee, B. D., Lee, K.-K., & Koh, K.-J. (2014) · Imaging Science in Dentistry · doi:10.5624/isd.2014.44.1.43 · Cited by 3
Anderson, Z. G., Gupta, T., Revelle, W., Haase, C. M., & Mittal, V. A. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2021.755027 · Cited by 5
“Three additional participants were excluded who either (1) converted to psychosis shortly after participating in the study or (2) developed attenuated symptoms after participating as a HC subject.”
BackgroundSouto, T., Conde, A. R., Ferreira, M., Queirós, C., & Figueiredo, V. (2021) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-021-01533-w · Cited by 2
“ture “dementia praecox” (Jablensky, 2010), deficits in social cognition in schizophrenia were identified (Trémeau, 2006).”
BackgroundInfluentialFoul, Y. A., Arkadir, D., Demikhovskaya, A., Noyman, Y., Linetsky, E., Snineh, M. A., Aviezer, H., & Eitan, R. (2024) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1287952 · Cited by 3
“Importantly and similar to PD, individuals with SZ exhibit reduced abilities in conveying emotional facial expressions (for a review, see Trémeau, 2022).”
BackgroundGrecucci, A., Scarano, A., Bruno, F., Salvato, G., Yi, X., & Stella, M. (2025) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2025.119708 · Cited by 2
Caccamo, F., Capani, A., & Marogna, C. (2019) · International Journal of Group Psychotherapy · doi:10.1080/00207284.2019.1604142 · Cited by 2
“…perception, recognition, and expression of emotions on the one hand, and subjective experience of emotions on the other hand (Kring & Caponigro, 2010; Kring & Elis, 2013; Trémeau, 2006), and revealing improvement of alexithymia after group treatment focused on mentalization (Löfl et al., 2018).”
BackgroundThe effect of emotion recognition and mindfulness on depression symptoms: A case–control study
Aydın, O., Tvrtković, S., Çakıroğlu, E., Ünal‐Aydın, P., & Danacı, A. E. (2023) · Scandinavian Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1111/sjop.12992 · Cited by 4
Remote Assessment of Emotion Dynamics in Schizophrenia using a Multimodal Dialog System
Sand, S. G., Neumann, M., Kothare, H., Pautler, D., Lindenmayer, J., Khan, A., Insel, B. J., Nadim, D., & Ramanarayanan, V. (2025) · IEEE International Conference on Digital Health (ICDH) · doi:10.1109/icdh67620.2025.00038 · Cited by 2
“The SCZ group displayed more anger and entropy (unpredictability) compared to controls who showed more neutral emotions and fluctuation, which is consistent with the finding that people with SCZ experience more negative emotions [32].”
Zhang, Y., Wang, H., Cai, M., Wang, W., Qiao, J., Wang, X., Wu, Y., Wu, Q., Zhang, Z., Lei, M., et al. (2025) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291725102006 · Cited by 2
“Neuroimaging meta-analyses revealed both common and distinct spontaneous”
Metadata
- Authors
- Trémeau, F.
- Affiliations
- Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research (US)
- Corresponding author
- Trémeau, Fabien
- Venue
- Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2006-03-31
- Volume
- 8
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 59-70
- ISSN
- 1294-8322 (ISSN-L)
- 1958-5969
- PMC
- PMC3181757
- OpenAlex
- W1568263921
- Cited by
- 259
- References
- 90
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 16 · 2019: 15 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 21 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 20 · 2012: 17
- FWCI
- 5.95
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- diamond
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Philosophy › Mental Health and Psychiatry
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychopathy, Forensic Psychiatry, Sexual Offending
- Keywords
- schizophrenia, emotional expression, emotional experience, anhedonia, emotion recognition, facial expressions, vocal emotion, social perception, social skills, neurocognitive impairment, depression
- MeSH terms
- Affective Symptoms, Emotions, Facial Expression, Humans, Perception, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Schizophrenia, Schizophrenic Psychology, Recognition, Psychology, PubMed
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