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Tularemia Outbreak Investigation in Kosovo: Case Control and Environmental Studies
Open accessAbstract
A large outbreak of tularemia occurred in Kosovo in the early postwar period, 1999-2000. Epidemiologic and environmental investigations were conducted to identify sources of infection, modes of transmission, and household risk factors. Case and control status was verified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, Western blot, and microagglutination assay. A total of 327 serologically confirmed cases of tularemia pharyngitis and cervical lymphadenitis were identified in 21 of 29 Kosovo municipalities. Matched analysis of 46 case households and 76 control households suggested that infection was transmitted through contaminated food or water and that the source of infection was rodents. Environmental circumstances in war-torn Kosovo led to epizootic rodent tularemia and its spread to resettled rural populations living under circumstances of substandard housing, hygiene, and sanitation.
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Citations
Cited by
Ellis, J., Oyston, P. C. F., Green, M., & Titball, R. W. (2002) · Clinical Microbiology Reviews · doi:10.1128/cmr.15.4.631-646.2002 · Cited by 819
Tularemia: History, Epidemiology, Pathogen Physiology, and Clinical Manifestations
SJÖSTEDT, A. (2007) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1196/annals.1409.009 · Cited by 593
Communicable diseases in complex emergencies: impact and challenges
Connolly, M. A., Gayer, M., Ryan, M. J., Salama, P., Spiegel, P., & Heymann, D. L. (2004) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(04)17481-3 · Cited by 513
Molecular Epidemiology, Evolution, and Ecology of Francisella
KEIM, P., JOHANSSON, A., & WAGNER, D. M. (2007) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1196/annals.1409.011 · Cited by 388
The global burden of bacterial and viral zoonotic infections
Christou, L. (2011) · Clinical Microbiology and Infection · doi:10.1111/j.1469-0691.2010.03441.x · Cited by 170
Metadata
- Authors
- Reintjes, R., Dedushaj, I., Gjini, A., Jorgensen, T. R., Cotter, B., Lieftucht, A., D’Ancona, F., Dennis, D. T., Kosoy, M. A., Mulliqi-Osmani, G., Grunow, R., Kalaveshi, A., Gashi, L., & Humolli, I.
- Venue
- Emerging Infectious Diseases
- Published
- 2002-01
- Volume
- 8
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 69-73
- ISSN
- 1080-6040 (ISSN-L)
- 1080-6059
- OpenAlex
- W2154652750
- Cited by
- 244
- References
- 0
- FWCI
- 3.67
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- diamond
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- Reintjes, R., Dedushaj, I., Gjini, A., Jorgensen, T. R., Cotter, B., Lieftucht, A., D’Ancona, F., Dennis, D. T., Kosoy, M. A., Mulliqi-Osmani, G., Grunow, R., Kalaveshi, A., Gashi, L., & Humolli, I. (2002). Tularemia Outbreak Investigation in Kosovo: Case Control and Environmental Studies. Emerging Infectious Diseases. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid0801.010131
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Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
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