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Investigation of Bioterrorism-Related Anthrax, United States, 2001: Epidemiologic Findings
Open accessAbstract
In October 2001, the first inhalational anthrax case in the United States since 1976 was identified in a media company worker in Florida. A national investigation was initiated to identify additional cases and determine possible exposures to Bacillus anthracis. Surveillance was enhanced through health-care facilities, laboratories, and other means to identify cases, which were defined as clinically compatible illness with laboratory-confirmed B. anthracis infection. From October 4 to November 20, 2001, 22 cases of anthrax (11 inhalational, 11 cutaneous) were identified; 5 of the inhalational cases were fatal. Twenty (91%) case-patients were either mail handlers or were exposed to worksites where contaminated mail was processed or received. B. anthracis isolates from four powder-containing envelopes, 17 specimens from patients, and 106 environmental samples were indistinguishable by molecular subtyping. Illness and death occurred not only at targeted worksites, but also along the path of mail and in other settings. Continued vigilance for cases is needed among health-care providers and members of the public health and law enforcement communities.
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Cited by
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Morens, D. M., Folkers, G. K., & Fauci, A. S. (2004) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature02759 · Cited by 2,103
Raxibacumab for the Treatment of Inhalational Anthrax
Migone, T.-S., Subramanian, G. M., Zhong, J., Healey, L. M., Corey, A., Devalaraja, M., Lo, L., Ullrich, S., Zimmerman, J., Chen, A., et al. (2009) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa0810603 · Cited by 294
Tracing isolates of bacterial species by multilocus variable number of tandem repeat analysis (MLVA)
Van Belkum, A. (2007) · FEMS Immunology & Medical Microbiology · doi:10.1111/j.1574-695x.2006.00173.x · Cited by 203
Overhage, J. M., Grannis, S., & McDonald, C. J. (2008) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.2006.092700 · Cited by 179
Metadata
- Authors
- Jernigan, D. B., Raghunathan, P. L., Bell, B. P., Brechner, R., Bresnitz, E. A., Butler, J. C., Cetron, M., Cohen, M., Doyle, T., Fischer, M., Greene, C., Griffith, K. S., Guarner, J., Hadler, J. L., Hayslett, J. A., Meyer, R., Petersen, L. R., Phillips, M., Pinner, R., Popovic, T., Quinn, C. P., Reefhuis, J., Reissman, D., Rosenstein, N., Schuchat, A., Shieh, W.-J., Siegal, L., Swerdlow, D. L., Tenover, F. C., Traeger, M., Ward, J. W., Weisfuse, I., Wiersma, S., Yeskey, K., Zaki, S., Ashford, D. A., Perkins, B. A., Ostroff, S., Hughes, J., Fleming, D., Koplan, J. P., Gerberding, J. L., & the National Anthrax Epidemiologic Investigation Team
- Venue
- Emerging Infectious Diseases
- Published
- 2002-10
- Volume
- 8
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 1019-1028
- ISSN
- 1080-6040 (ISSN-L)
- 1080-6059
- OpenAlex
- W2154586372
- Cited by
- 709
- References
- 0
- FWCI
- 12.20
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- diamond
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- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Investigation of Bioterrorism-Related Anthrax, United States, 2001: Epidemiologic Findings. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.3201/eid0810.020353
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- Jernigan, D. B., Raghunathan, P. L., Bell, B. P., Brechner, R., Bresnitz, E. A., Butler, J. C., Cetron, M., Cohen, M., Doyle, T., Fischer, M., Greene, C., Griffith, K. S., Guarner, J., Hadler, J. L., Hayslett, J. A., Meyer, R., Petersen, L. R., Phillips, M., Pinner, R., . . . the National Anthrax Epidemiologic Investigation Team. (2002). Investigation of Bioterrorism-Related Anthrax, United States, 2001: Epidemiologic Findings. Emerging Infectious Diseases. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid0810.020353
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Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
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