The DOI matches its Crossref record; 19 of the 19 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Fear and Stigma: The Epidemic within the SARS Outbreak
Open accessAbstract
Because of their evolving nature and inherent scientific uncertainties, outbreaks of emerging infectious diseases can be associated with considerable fear in the general public or in specific communities, especially when illness and deaths are substantial. Mitigating fear and discrimination directed toward persons infected with, and affected by, infectious disease can be important in controlling transmission. Persons who are feared and stigmatized may delay seeking care and remain in the community undetected. This article outlines efforts to rapidly assess, monitor, and address fears associated with the 2003 severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) epidemic in the United States. Although fear, stigmatization, and discrimination were not widespread in the general public, Asian-American communities were particularly affected.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Stigma was also examined as a potential factor related to mental health problems, as the early phase of an emerging outbreak tends to be characterized by intense disease-related stigma and fear due to its evolving nature and scientific uncertainties [20, 48].”
From Psychiatric symptoms, risk, and protective factors among university students in quarantine during the COVID-19 pandemic in China (2021) · cites this paper as [48]
In the citing paper
“COVID-19 self-efficacy was explored as a predictor of mental health, as belief in one’s capacity to prevent COVID-19 and take necessary steps for treatment may facilitate an increased sense of control in an evolving outbreak [48].”
From Psychiatric symptoms, risk, and protective factors among university students in quarantine during the COVID-19 pandemic in China (2021) · cites this paper as [48]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Stigma: Notes on the Management of Spoiled Identity
(1969) · Postgraduate Medical Journal · doi:10.1136/pgmj.45.527.642 · Cited by 14,255
Surveillance for waterborne-disease outbreaks--United States, 1993-1994.
Kramer, M. H., Herwaldt, B. L., Craun, G. F., Calderon, R. L., & Juranek, D. D. (1996) · PubMed · Cited by 2,058
Schulze, B., & Angermeyer, M. C. (2002) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/s0277-9536(02)00028-x · Cited by 790
Critical Delays in HIV Testing and Care
Chesney, M. A., & Smith, A. (1999) · American Behavioral Scientist · doi:10.1177/00027649921954822 · Cited by 509
When Tuberculosis Treatment Fails: A Social Behavioral Account of Patient Adherence
Sumartojo, E. (1993) · American Review of Respiratory Disease · doi:10.1164/ajrccm/147.5.1311 · Cited by 463
British Broadcasting Corporation
Sharp, D. (1984) · doi:10.1007/978-1-349-07512-6_6 · Cited by 399
Thinking About AIDS and Stigma: A Psychologist’s Perspective
Herek, G. M. (2002) · The Journal of Law Medicine & Ethics · doi:10.1111/j.1748-720x.2002.tb00428.x · Cited by 273
Stigma in the lives of adolescents with epilepsy: a review of the literature
MacLeod, J. S., & AUSTIN, J. K. (2003) · Epilepsy & Behavior · doi:10.1016/s1525-5050(03)00007-6 · Cited by 230
Quarantine! East European Jewish Immigrants and the New York City Epidemics of 1892
Hinthorn, D. R. (1997) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-127-10-199711150-00022 · Cited by 167
Managing SARS amidst Uncertainty
Wenzel, R. P., & Edmond, M. B. (2003) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmp030072 · Cited by 156
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 701–789 of 789
Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices Pertaining to COVID-19 among Pregnant Women
Nayak, P., Rath, A., Mitra, S., & Begüm, J. (2022) · Journal of Public Health and Primary Care · doi:10.4103/jphpc.jphpc_6_22
Ng, A., & Straussman, J. (2012) · CRC Press eBooks · doi:10.1201/b11954-8
COVID-19’a Yönelik Bilgi, Tutum ve Davranış Ölçeğinin Türkçe Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması
Kurt, M. E., Çapar, H., Biçer, İ., Çakmak, C., & Demir, H. (2020) · DergiPark (Istanbul University)
COVID-19, Knowledge, Attitude and Practice among Students in a Tertiary Care Center, Nepal
Luitel, A., Agrawal, S. K., Regmee, P., & Devkota, A. (2022) · Journal of BP Koirala Institute of Health Sciences · doi:10.3126/jbpkihs.v4i2.40452
People’s Perception towards COVID-19 Delta Variant in Bangladesh
Zabir, A. A., Wongnaa, C. A., Shan, T. B., Bhuiyan, M. M., Tanha, R. Z., Akter, O., Sarker, S., Chuuti, S. A., & Islam, M. A. (2022) · Asian Journal of Research in Infectious Diseases · doi:10.9734/ajrid/2022/v11i4229
Ragozin, A. V., Safonov, A. L., & Sheozhev, H. V. (2022) · Problems of Social Hygiene Public Health and History of Medicine · doi:10.32687/0869-866x-2022-30-6-1195-1202
Montazeri, A., Tavoli, A., Maftoon, F., Farhangniya, M., Naghizadehmoghari, F., Nourani, M., Tashakkori, N., & Hassanpour, H. H. (2022) · Health Monitor Journal of the Iranian Institute for Health Sciences Research · doi:10.52547/payesh.21.5.513
Agus, A., Alfrojems, A., Ramdani, J., Matasik, D., & Dharmika, I. A. G. P. (2022) · Perilaku dan Promosi Kesehatan Indonesian Journal of Health Promotion and Behavior · doi:10.47034/ppk.v4i2.6375
Sense of Meaning in Life of Middle-Aged Women in the COVID-19 Pandemic Situation: Case Study
Dacka, M. (2022) · Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska sectio J – Paedagogia-Psychologia · doi:10.17951/j.2022.35.3.97-115
Antidepressant and anxiolytic consumption during COVID-19 pandemic
Dimkovikj, D., Gigopulu, O., Naumovska, Z., & Sterjev, Z. (2022) · Macedonian Pharmaceutical Bulletin · doi:10.33320/maced.pharm.bull.2022.68.03.229
Knowledge, Attitudes, and Behaviors of Indian Medical Students and Health-Care Providers on COVID-19
Priyadarshini, B., Swarup, S. S., Swain, T. R., Behera, J. K., Kumar, N., Sandhya, K., & Mondal, H. (2023) · Journal of Public Health and Primary Care · doi:10.4103/jphpc.jphpc_19_22
Knowledge of Al-Kindy College Students about COVID-19 Disease in Children
Alqurishi, A. K. (2023) · The Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine · doi:10.21608/ejhm.2023.286020
Chen, L., Chu, Q., Xu, C., Zhou, F., Hu, X., Jin, Y., Wang, Z., & Lv, Y. (2023) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-2596682/v1
Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices of Patient Relatives Regarding Face Masks in COVID-19 Pandemic
Das, A., Goswami, P., & Sen, P. (2023) · Journal of Primary Care Specialties · doi:10.4103/jopcs.jopcs_43_22
Estratégias de Teleducação no enfrentamento da COVID-19 no Nordeste do Brasil
Filho, A. S. D. C., de Souza, C. F. Q., Cavalcante, J. M. S., de Souza, N. S., da Silva, K. D. C. L., Mulatinho, L. M., Aguiar, L. R., & Novaes, M. D. A. (2023) · Journal of Health Informatics · doi:10.59681/2175-4411.v15.iespecial.2023.1092
Health professionals’ fear of SARS-CoV-2 and leadership’s role in pandemic period
Skeuofilax, R., & Karathanasi, Κ. (2023) · Hellenic Journal of Nursing Science · doi:10.24283/hjns.202313
Stigma Mechanisms in a Globalized Pandemic in India: A Theoretical Framework for Stigma
Chatterjee, A., & Ramraj, B. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-99-1106-6_18
Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of COVID-19 among Individuals Belonging to Rural Part of Bihar
Kotoki, R., Bobdey, S., Kansara, N. K., & Yadav, A. K. (2023) · Journal of Public Health and Primary Care · doi:10.4103/jphpc.jphpc_20_22
Singh, R., Beenu, B., & Dwivedi, G. (2023) · International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health · doi:10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20232672
COVID-19 Awareness among Undergraduate Medical Students: A Questionnaire Based Survey
Kumar, A., Hameed, S., Arya, P., Kumar, M., Mohan, L., & Dikshit, H. (2023) · International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Review and Research · doi:10.47583/ijpsrr.2023.v81i01.012
Khaled, A. M. S., Yakout, R. A., & Hashem, E. S. (2023) · Egyptian Journal of Health Care · doi:10.21608/ejhc.2023.314749
Barbosa-Granados, S., Aldana, C. A. F., Diaz, P. A. R., Delgado, D. R., & Ortíz, C. P. (2022) · Revista Colombiana de Ciencias Químico Farmacéuticas · doi:10.15446/rcciquifa.v51n2.105569
Knowledge about COVID-19 in the General Population of Mexico
Otálvaro, A. F. T., Cassiani-Miranda, C. A., Rodríguez-Verdugo, M. S., Campo‐Arias, A., Scoppetta, O., & Arismendy-López, Y. A. (2023) · Hacia la Promoción de la Salud · doi:10.17151/hpsal.2023.28.1.9
Eid, N. A. A., Arnout, B. A., Al-Qahtani, T. A., Pavlović, S., Alzahrani, M. R., Abdelmotelab, A. S., & Abdelmotelab, Y. S. (2023) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-3638160/v1 · Cited by 1
Akın, M., Çelik, F., Korkmaz, S., & Bektaş, H. (2024) · İzmir Katip Çelebi Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi · doi:10.61399/ikcusbfd.1233070
Social impacts of zero-COVID policy on airline workers in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
Dang, T. K. P., & LUONG, T. N. (2024) · Inter-Asia Cultural Studies · doi:10.1080/14649373.2024.2293536
Okati‐Aliabad, H., Mohammadi, M., Khorashad, A. S., Ansari‐Moghaddam, A., Bor, M. H., & Nejati, J. (2024) · international journal high risk behaviors & addiction · doi:10.5812/ijhrba-142986
Investigating the Use of White Lies During COVID-19 Pandemic: A Qualitative Study
Nasrabadi, A. N., Joolaee, S., Navab, E., Esmaeili, M., Khalilabad, T. H., Shali, M., & Dolatabadi, Z. A. (2024) · Health in Emergencies & Disasters Quarterly · doi:10.32598/hdq.9.2.556.1
The Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices According to Facemask Practice During COVID-19 Pandemic
Gunasekaran, G. H., Li, F. Y., Yusoff, A. F., Sabri, W. M. A. B. W., Gunasekaran, S. S. S., & Gunasekaran, S. S. (2024) · Journal of Health Management · doi:10.1177/09720634241227506
Argyriadis, A., Patelarou, A. E., Kitsona, V., Patelarou, E., & Argyriadi, A. (2024) · Health Open Research · doi:10.12688/healthopenres.13422.1
HOW THE INFODEMIC HAS FUELLED STIGMATIZATION DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC
Taule, T. S., & Boštíková, V. (2024) · Military Medical Science Letters · doi:10.31482/mmsl.2024.007
Barrett, R., Zuckerman, M. K., Dudgeon, M. R., & Armelagos, G. J. (2024) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780192843135.003.0006
Aborujilah, A. (2024) · Journal of Electrical Systems · doi:10.52783/jes.3467
The Internet Use and the Fear of Infection with Covid-19Preprint
Xiao, Y. (2024) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-4446289/v1
A Scientific Knowledge Dissemination and Pandemic Spread Interplay Model
Zhang, Y., Nekovee, M., Tang, W., Ni, T., Wu, Y., & Yi, H. (2024) · Lecture notes on data engineering and communications technologies · doi:10.1007/978-981-97-5098-6_53
Eid, N. A. A., Arnout, B. A., Al-Qahtani, T. A., Pavlović, S., Alzahrani, M. R., Abdelmotelab, A. S., & Abdelmotelab, Y. S. (2024) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0308454 · Cited by 4
Pandemic and the fear syndrome
Nayar, K. R., & Koya, S. F. (2022) · Journal of Integrative Medicine and Public Health · doi:10.4103/jimph.jimph_14_22
Els, J., Taljaard, L., & Hendrikse, C. (2024) · African Journal of Emergency Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.afjem.2024.08.005
de Cos, V. A., Naugle, K., Baker, O., Kocharian, E., Moshtaghi, O., Dixon, P. R., Matsuoka, A. J., & Harris, J. P. (2024) · The Laryngoscope · doi:10.1002/lary.31889
Conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas sobre viruela del mono en población general de Paraguay
Ríos-González, C. M. (2024) · Revista científica ciencias de la salud · doi:10.53732/rccsalud/2024.e6153
Investigation of Disease Outbreaks
Rolon, R. M. M., & Szymczak, W. A. (2023) · ClinMicroNow · doi:10.1002/9781683674849.mcm0011
Rivera, D. I. C., Gómez, M. A. B., Carvajal, R. R., & Contreras, C. C. T. (2024) · Acta Colombiana de Cuidado Intensivo · doi:10.1016/j.acci.2024.11.002
Ryu, S., Guro, P. A., Hirschtick, J. L., Orellana, R. C., & Fleischer, N. L. (2024) · Health Equity · doi:10.1089/heq.2023.0241 · Cited by 2
Aleyomi, M. B. (2024) · The Round Table · doi:10.1080/00358533.2024.2439708
Investigation of Disease Outbreaks
Rolon, R. M. M., & Szymczak, W. A. (2023) · ClinMicroNow · doi:10.1002/9781683670438.mcm0011
Contreras, C. C. T., Gómez, M. A. B., Carvajal, R. R., Castillo-Blanco, M., & Rivera, D. I. C. (2025) · Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem · doi:10.1590/1518-8345.7412.4416
Contreras, C. C. T., Gómez, M. A. B., Carvajal, R. R., Castillo-Blanco, M., & Rivera, D. I. C. (2025) · Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem · doi:10.1590/1518-8345.7412.4415
Contreras, C. C. T., Gómez, M. A. B., Carvajal, R. R., Castillo-Blanco, M., & Rivera, D. I. C. (2025) · Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem · doi:10.1590/1518-8345.7412.4417
The Waxing and Waning of Fear Influence the Control of Vector-Borne Diseases
Jiao, J. (2025) · Mathematics · doi:10.3390/math13050879
The Covid-19 Pandemic and Well-Being of Asians in the U.SPreprint
Choi, K., Shi, Y., & Zhu, M. (2025) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.5180396
The Role of Mindfulness in Reducing Depression During COVID-19 At-home Treatment
Go, G., Lee, S. Y., Kim, C., & Chang, J. G. (2025) · Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness · doi:10.1017/dmp.2025.82
Lo, W., Huang, Y.-C., Weng, Y., Maruf, M. A., Bui, C., Lee, M.-H., Lee, K.-Y., Wu, K., Chiu, Y.-W., & Chiou, H. (2025) · BMC Psychology · doi:10.1186/s40359-025-02783-0
Hossain, M. Z., Alam, M. Z., Islam, S., Sultan, S., faysal, M., Rima, S., Hossain, M. A., Mahmood, M. M., Kashfi, S. S., Mamun, A. A., et al. (2025) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.5256896
Americans’ Attitudes Towards Asians in the Trump COVID Era
Qi, D., & Garand, J. C. (2025) · American Politics Research · doi:10.1177/1532673x251347618
Rebmann, T., & Charney, R. L. (2023) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-54841-0.00029-9
Health hazard discrimination or prejudice? A correspondence experiment in Italy
Buonanno, P., Porta, F., & Puca, M. (2025) · Health Policy · doi:10.1016/j.healthpol.2025.105447
Qu, H., Li, K., Rui, J., Chen, Q., Li, T., Guo, X., Guan, X., & Chen, T. (2025) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2024-093519
Additional file 1 of Hospice utilization during the SARS outbreak in Taiwan
Chen, T.-J., Lin, M.-H., Chou, L.-F., & Hwang, S.-J. (2021) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.15063514
Wei, L., Sha, Z., Wang, Y., Zhang, G., Jia, H., Zhou, S., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Liu, C., Jiao, M., et al. (2020) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.12720311
Ahmed, G. K., Ramadan, H. K.-A., Refay, S. M., & Khashbah, M. A. (2021) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.14037518
Lee, Y., Jeon, Y. J., Kang, S., Shin, J. I., Jung, Y., & Jung, S. J. (2022) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.19785725
Youssef, D., Bleibel, L., & Abboud, E. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26596892
Lee, Y., Jeon, Y. J., Kang, S., Shin, J. I., Jung, Y., & Jung, S. J. (2022) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.19785728
Banik, R., Islam, M. S., Ahmed, M., Koly, K. N., Mubarak, M., Rahman, M., Zhai, Z. W., Sikder, M. T., & Potenza, M. N. (2022) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.21162754
Nab, M., Vehmendahl, R. V., Somers, I., Schoon, Y., & Hesselink, G. (2021) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.14526014
Perera, B., Wickramarachchi, B., Samanmalie, C., & Hettiarachchi, M. (2021) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.14300176
Rahmani, N., Roshan, F. S., Nabavian, M., & Alipour, H. (2023) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.24761306
Additional file 4 of Hospice utilization during the SARS outbreak in Taiwan
Chen, T.-J., Lin, M.-H., Chou, L.-F., & Hwang, S.-J. (2021) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.15063529
Zhizhong, W., Koenig, H. G., Yan, T., Jing, W., Mu, S., Hongyu, L., & GuangTian, L. (2020) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.13291031
Additional file 2 of Hospice utilization during the SARS outbreak in Taiwan
Chen, T.-J., Lin, M.-H., Chou, L.-F., & Hwang, S.-J. (2021) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.15063517
Additional file 3 of Hospice utilization during the SARS outbreak in Taiwan
Chen, T.-J., Lin, M.-H., Chou, L.-F., & Hwang, S.-J. (2021) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.15063523
Nab, M., Vehmendahl, R. V., Somers, I., Schoon, Y., & Hesselink, G. (2021) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.14526011
Nab, M., Vehmendahl, R. V., Somers, I., Schoon, Y., & Hesselink, G. (2021) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.14526017
Stigma and community responses among individuals recovered from COVID-19 in India
Aggarwal, S. S., Ovung, S., Sharma, A., Joshi, A., Diwan, V., Stephen, A., Devi, K., Mishra, B. K., Yadav, G. K., Bangar, S. D., et al. (2025) · Discover Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12982-025-01288-w
The Ways of Prejudice Reduction in COVID-19 Pandemic in Terms of Intergroup Contact Theory
Eniç, D. (2021) · DergiPark (Istanbul University)
Yao, S., Zhu, J., & Mu, Y. (2026) · Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.3390/bs16020295
Moignan, E. L., Mahoney, J., & Lawson, S. W. (2026) · Human Behavior and Emerging Technologies · doi:10.1155/hbe2/6654869
Public Health Crisis, Racial Demographics, and Anti-Asian Hate in California
Oh, H. (2026) · Race and Justice · doi:10.1177/21533687261431745 · Cited by 1
Baharuddin, I. H., Naing, N. N., Patterson, M., Yasin, S. M., Ibrahim, K., & Ismail, N. B. (2026) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2025-115233
Détection, investigation et contrôle des maladies émergentes. Expériences en santé mondiale
Altmann, M. (2022) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/2c8dcb8ez35b1z47f1za3b1zbac613a85a29
The Delinquent Face of Uncertainty: LGBTQ-Targeted Crimes Amidst Global Pandemics
Zhang, J., Li, J., Bhatti, S. H., & Sarwar, F. (2026) · Crime & Delinquency · doi:10.1177/00111287261434477
Nguyen, P. T.-H., Nguyen-Thanh, N., My, T. N. Y., Ngoc, N.-B., & Hong, V. T. T. (2026) · Humanities and Social Sciences Communications · doi:10.1057/s41599-026-07779-8
Socio-Ecological Lens Towards Health Behaviours
Yau, S. Y., & Zheng, T. (2026) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-95-2175-3_22
Beyond Infection: The Effect of Sexual Framing on Disease Shame, Stigma, and Testing Attitudes
Wongsomboon, V., & Webster, G. (2026) · Sexuality Research and Social Policy · doi:10.1007/s13178-026-01420-8
The environmental and social factors of the 2001 dengue outbreak in Hawaii
Kolivras, K. N. (2004) · UA Campus Repository (The University of Arizona)
Metadata
- Authors
- Person, B., Sy, F., Holton, K., Govert, B., Liang, A., the, N. C. I. D., SARS Community Outreach Team (listed in alphabetical order), Garza, B., Gould, D., Hickson, M., McDonald, M., Meijer, C., Smith, J., Veto, L., Williams, W., & Zauderer, L.
- Affiliations
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (US)
- Corresponding author
- Person, Bobbie
- Venue
- Emerging Infectious Diseases
- Published
- 2004-02
- Volume
- 10
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 358-363
- ISSN
- 1080-6040 (ISSN-L)
- 1080-6059
- PMC
- PMC3322940
- OpenAlex
- W2079929038
- Cited by
- 790
- References
- 19
- Citations by year
- 2026: 12 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 46 · 2023: 64 · 2022: 140 · 2021: 229 · 2020: 194 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 8.05
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- diamond
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- Emerging infectious diseases (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › COVID-19 and Mental Health
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Risk Perception and Management
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Viral Infections and Outbreaks Research
- Keywords
- SARS, SARS epidemic, fear, stigma, discrimination, Asian American community, delayed care seeking, transmission control, public health response
- MeSH terms
- Asian, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S., Community-Institutional Relations, Disease Outbreaks, Fear, Health Education, Humans, Prejudice, United States, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review