The DOI matches its Crossref record; 1 of the 1 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Increased Hospitalizations Involving Fungal Infections during COVID-19 Pandemic, United States, January 2020–December 2021
Open accessAbstract
Hospitalizations involving fungal infections increased 8.5% each year in the United States during 2019-2021. During 2020-2021, patients hospitalized with COVID-19-associated fungal infections had higher (48.5%) in-hospital mortality rates than those with non-COVID-19-associated fungal infections (12.3%). Improved fungal disease surveillance is needed, particularly during respiratory virus pandemics.
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Analyses of 2019-2021 large health care claims and vital statistics data found an increase in the rates of hospitalizations and deaths caused by fungal infections, including invasive candidiasis, potentially related to a COVID-19-related increase in patients with critical illness and limitations in enforcement of infection prevention and control measures.
“Analyses of 2019–2021 large health care claims and vital statistics data found an increase in the rates of hospitalizations and deaths caused by fungal infections, including invasive candidiasis (18,19), potentially related to a COVID-19–related increase in patients with critical illness and limitations in enforcement of infection prevention and control measures (20).”
From Population-Based Active Surveillance for Culture-Confirmed Candidemia — 10 Sites, United States, 2017–2021 (2025) · cites this paper as [18]
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Citations
Cites
Prevalence and Healthcare Burden of Fungal Infections in the United States, 2018
Rayens, E., & Norris, K. A. (2022) · Open Forum Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/ofid/ofab593 · Cited by 228 · cited 1×
“7 billion during 2018) and cause substantial illness and death (>7,000 deaths during 2021) (1,2).”
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Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 13
- Gold, 2023, Increased deaths from fungal infections during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic—National Vital Statistics System, United States, January 2020–December 2021., Clin Infect Dis, 76, e255, 10.1093/cid/ciac489 · DOI · Paper page
- Baddley JW, Thompson GR 3rd, Chen SCA, White PL, Johnson MD, Nguyen MH, Coronavirus disease 2019–associated invasive fungal infection. Open Forum Infect Dis. 2021;8:ofab510. · DOI
- Ibrahim, 2012, Pathogenesis of mucormycosis., Clin Infect Dis, 54, S16, 10.1093/cid/cir865 · DOI
- Lawandi, 2022, Suspected severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV-2) reinfections: incidence, predictors, and healthcare use among patients at 238 US healthcare facilities, 1 June 2020 to 28 February 2021., Clin Infect Dis, 74, 1489, 10.1093/cid/ciab671 · DOI
- Bui, 2020, Racial and ethnic disparities among COVID-19 cases in workplace outbreaks by industry sector—Utah, March 6–June 5, 2020., MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep, 69, 1133, 10.15585/mmwr.mm6933e3 · DOI
- Webb Hooper, 2020, COVID-19 and racial/ethnic disparities., JAMA, 323, 2466, 10.1001/jama.2020.8598 · DOI
- Rayens, 2022, Demographic and socioeconomic factors associated with fungal infection risk, United States, 2019., Emerg Infect Dis, 28, 1955, 10.3201/eid2810.220391 · DOI
- Egger, 2022, Prevalence of COVID-19-associated pulmonary aspergillosis: critical review and conclusions., J Fungi (Basel), 8, 390, 10.3390/jof8040390 · DOI
- Hoenigl, 2022, The emergence of COVID-19 associated mucormycosis: a review of cases from 18 countries., Lancet Microbe, 3, e543, 10.1016/S2666-5247(21)00237-8 · DOI
- Kadri, 2020, Uptake and accuracy of the diagnosis code for COVID-19 among US hospitalizations., JAMA, 324, 2553, 10.1001/jama.2020.20323 · DOI
- Gold JAW, Revis A, Thomas S, Perry L, Blakney RA, Chambers T, Clinical characteristics, health care utilization, and outcomes among patients in a pilot surveillance system for invasive mold disease—Georgia, United States, 2017–2019. Open Forum Infect Dis. 2022;9:ofac215. · DOI
- Benedict K, Gold JAW, Jenkins EN, Roland J, Barter D, Czaja CA, Low sensitivity of International Classification of Diseases, tenth revision coding for culture-confirmed candidemia cases in an active surveillance system: United States, 2019–2020. Open Forum Infect Dis. 2022;9:ofac461. · DOI
- Benedict , K, Baggs , J, Wolford J, Jackson , BR, Gold , JAW. Hospitalizations for unspecified mycoses in a large administrative data set and implications for fungal disease burden estimates, United States, 2019–2021. Open Forum Infect Dis. 2023;10:ofad100. · DOI
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Jenkins, E. N., Gold, J. A. W., Benedict, K., Lockhart, S. R., Berkow, E. L., Dixon, T., Shack, S. L., Witt, L. S., Harrison, L. H., Seopaul, S., et al. (2025) · MMWR. Surveillance Summaries · doi:10.15585/mmwr.ss7404a1 · Cited by 43
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Metadata
- Authors
- Gold, J. A. W., Adjei, S., Gundlapalli, A. V., Huang, Y.-L. A., Chiller, T., Benedict, K., & Toda, M.
- Affiliations
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (US)
- Corresponding author
- Gold, Jeremy A.W.
- Venue
- Emerging Infectious Diseases
- Published
- 2023-07
- Volume
- 29
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 1433-1437
- ISSN
- 1080-6040 (ISSN-L)
- 1080-6059
- PMC
- PMC10310397
- OpenAlex
- W4380841321
- Cited by
- 43
- References
- 1
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 18 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 9
- FWCI
- 8.90
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- diamond
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- Emerging infectious diseases (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, public-domain)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Antifungal resistance and susceptibility
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Fungal Infections and Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies
- Keywords
- COVID-19 pandemic, fungal infection, hospitalization, in-hospital mortality, SARS-CoV-2, opportunistic fungal infection
- MeSH terms
- COVID-19, Actinomycosis, Aspergillosis, Blastomycosis, Coccidioidomycosis, Cryptococcosis, Histoplasmosis, Humans, Mucormycosis, Mycoses, Nocardia Infections, United States, Pandemics
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