Midlife vascular risk factors and the risk of Alzheimer’s disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE: We examine whether midlife vascular risk factors (VRFs) are associated with increased risk of incident Alzheimer's disease (AD) in a systematic review and meta-analysis of published cohort studies. METHODS: Original cohort studies were included if they reported adjusted combined odds ratio (COR) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) or enough information to quantify the association between risk for AD in late-life and baseline VRFs of midlife. RESULTS: There were positive and significant associations between high blood pressure (COR 1.31; 95% CI: 1.01-1.70), hypercholesterolemia (COR 1.72; 95% CI: 1.32-2.24), obesity (COR 1.88; 95% CI: 1.32-2.69), and diabetes mellitus in midlife (COR 1.4; 95% CI: 1.25-1.57). Smoking and hyperhomocysteinemia (although only one high-quality paper) were also associated with an increased risk of AD generally. CONCLUSIONS: These results strengthen the epidemiological evidence that VRFs of midlife significantly increase risk for AD.
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Controllable risk factors for AD include obesity, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, type 2 diabetes, and sedentary lifestyle.
“there are several controllable risk factors including obesity [156,157], hyperlipidemia [158,159], hypertension [160,161,162,163], type 2 diabetes [164,165,166,167], and sedentary lifestyle [168] that can be addressed in an effort to decrease the risk of developing AD.”
From Mitochondrial Oxidative and Nitrosative Stress and Alzheimer Disease (2020) · cites this paper as [159]
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References 57 · Cited by 150
- Authors
- Meng, X.-F., Yu, J.-T., Wang, H.-F., Tan, M.-S., Wang, C., Tan, C.-C., & Tan, L.
- Affiliations
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, School of Medicine, Qingdao University, China
- Qingdao University (CN)
- Qingdao Municipal Hospital (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Tan, Lan
- Venue
- Journal of Alzheimer s Disease
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2014-10-10
- Volume
- 42
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 1295-1310
- ISSN
- 1387-2877 (ISSN-L)
- 1875-8908
- OpenAlex
- W1757841311
- Cited by
- 150
- References
- 57
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 27 · 2019: 18 · 2018: 14 · 2017: 18 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 5
- FWCI
- 11.70
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Alzheimer s Disease (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- AGE-WELL
- National Natural Science Foundation of China
- Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Health and Risk Factors
- Keywords
- Alzheimer's disease, vascular risk factors
- MeSH terms
- Alzheimer Disease, Cerebrovascular Disorders, Humans, Middle Aged, Risk Factors
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