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Cited by 36Alzheimer's disease research and treatmentsDementia and Cognitive Impairment ResearchGenetic Associations and Epidemiology

Potential Novel Genes for Late-Onset Alzheimer’s Disease in East-Asian Descent Identified by APOE-Stratified Genome-Wide Association Study

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Kang, Sarang, Gim, Jungsoo, Lee, Jiwoon, Gunasekaran, Tamil Iniyan, Choi, Kyu Yeong, Lee, Jang Jae, Seo, Eun Hyun, Ko, Pan-Woo +15 more·2021·Journal of Alzheimer's Disease
DOI 10.3233/jad-210145PMC PMC8461686

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Abstract

The present study reports two novel genome-wide significant loci for late-onset Alzheimer’s disease (LOAD) identified from APOE ε4 non-carrier subjects of East Asian origin. A genome-wide association study of Alzheimer’s disease was performed in 2,291 Korean seniors in the discovery phase, from the Gwangju Alzheimer’ and Related Dementias (GARD) cohort study. The study was replicated in a Japanese cohort of 1,956 subjects that suggested two novel susceptible SNPs in two genes: LRIG1 and CACNA1A. This study demonstrates that the discovery of AD-associated variants is feasible in non-European ethnic groups using samples comprising fewer subjects from the more homogeneous genetic background.

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  • Several SNPs identified in APOE ε4 noncarriers were not common and had a much smaller effect size than SNPs in the APOE region.

    “In contrast, several SNPs been identified in ε4 noncarriers, but they were not common, and they had a much smaller effect size than SNPs in the APOE region”

    From Genetics of Alzheimer’s disease: An East Asian perspective (2023) · cites this paper as [31]

    The Results (Genome-wide inference for AD status; page unavailable) identify SNPs in APOE ε4 noncarriers and report odds ratios smaller than those listed for APOE-region SNPs in Table 2. But the Discussion (page unavailable) explicitly calls the study’s top findings “common variants,” contrary to the claim that they were not common. (LLM, conf=0.88)

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  • Kang et al. found that at a significance level of P < 5 × 1e-5, only APOE regions were associated in both cohorts.

    “At a significance level of P < 5 × 1e-5, only APOE regions were associated in both cohorts.”

    From Genetics of Alzheimer’s disease: An East Asian perspective (2023) · cites this paper as [31]

    Table 2 in Results (page unavailable) shows APOE-region associations below P < 5 × 10⁻⁵ in both the Korean discovery and Japanese replication cohorts. But the Results also report replicated associations for CACNA1A and LRIG1 in APOE ε4 non-carriers. The cited passages do not establish whether those associations met the stated cutoff in both cohorts, so they do not substantiate the unqualified word “only.” (LLM, conf=0.78)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • No significant SNPs were found in APOE ε4 carriers in two genome-wide association study populations.

    “Intriguingly, no significant SNPs were found in APOE ε4 carriers in two GWAS populations [26, 31]”

    From Genetics of Alzheimer’s disease: An East Asian perspective (2023) · cites this paper as [31]

    The Results (Genome-wide inference for AD status; page unavailable) report 219 statistically significant variants among APOE ε4 carriers in the discovery analysis, so the unqualified claim that no significant SNPs were found is too broad. The paper selected SNPs for further analysis only from non-carriers after considering results in both the discovery and replication datasets; it does not report a carrier SNP validated across both. (LLM, conf=0.86)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • The two SNPs rs189753894 and rs2280575 had the same directionality of effect in both South Korean and Japanese cohorts and satisfied a significance level of P < 5e-8 during a meta-analysis.

    “Interestingly, these two SNPs had the same directionality of effect in both South Korean and Japanese cohorts and satisfied a significance level of P < 5e-8 during a meta-analysis.”

    From Genetics of Alzheimer’s disease: An East Asian perspective (2023) · cites this paper as [31]

    The Results section, “Genome-wide inference for AD status” (page unavailable), identifies rs189753894 and rs2280575 and says they were selected after considering effect direction in the Korean discovery and Japanese replication datasets. It also reports a meta-analysis, but the available passage does not give meta-analysis P values for these SNPs, so it does not establish that both met P < 5×10⁻⁸. (LLM, conf=0.82)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • A stratified analysis of APOE ε4 carriers and noncarriers yielded no significant SNPs in ε4 carriers, but found rs189753894 located upstream of 7 kb from CACNA1A and rs2280575 present in the intron of LRIG1 in ε4 noncarriers.

    “Next, a stratified analysis of APOE ε4 carriers and noncarriers yielded no significant SNPs in ε4 carriers, but rs189753894, located upstream of 7 kb from CACNA1A, and rs2280575, present in the intron of LRIG1, were found in ε4 noncarriers.”

    From Genetics of Alzheimer’s disease: An East Asian perspective (2023) · cites this paper as [31]

    The Results section (‘Genome-wide inference for AD status’; page unavailable) identifies rs189753894 near CACNA1A and rs2280575 in LRIG1 as lead SNPs in APOE ε4 noncarriers. But it also reports 219 statistically significant variants in ε4 carriers, so the unqualified claim that carriers had no significant SNPs is inaccurate. The passages do not establish the stated 7-kb upstream location or confirm that rs2280575 is intronic. (LLM, conf=0.86)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

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Authors
Kang, S., Gim, J., Lee, J., Gunasekaran, T. I., Choi, K. Y., Lee, J. J., Seo, E. H., Ko, P.-W., Chung, J. Y., Choi, S.-M., Lee, Y. M., Jeong, J. H., Park, K. W., Song, M. K., Lee, H.-W., Kim, K. W., Choi, S. H., Lee, D. Y., Kim, S. Y., Kim, H., Kim, B. C., Ikeuchi, T., & Lee, K. H.
Affiliations
  • Chosun University (KR)
  • Kyungpook National University (KR)
  • Chonnam National University (KR)
  • Pusan National University (KR)
  • Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital (KR)
  • Dong-A University (KR)
  • Seoul National University (KR)
  • Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
  • Brain Research Institute, Niigata University (JP)
Corresponding author
  • Gim, Jungsoo
  • Lee, Kun Ho
ORCID
Venue
Journal of Alzheimer's Disease
Publisher
SAGE Publications
Published
2021-08-17
Volume
82
Issue
4
Pages
1451-1460
ISSN
  • 1387-2877 (ISSN-L)
  • 1875-8908
DOI
10.3233/jad-210145
PMC
PMC8461686
OpenAlex
W3173365235
Cited by
36
References
3
Citations by year
2026: 3 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 2
FWCI
3.77
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Journal of Alzheimer s Disease (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
  • medRxiv (acceptedVersion)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (18kk0205009h0003, 21dk0207045h0003)
  • Korea Brain Research Institute (21-BR-03-05)
  • National Research Foundation (NRF-2014M3C7A1046041)
  • Chosun University
  • National IT Industry Promotion Agency
  • Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea (20-BR-03-02, NRF2014M3C7A1046042, 1711120216, 2014M3C7A1046042)
  • National Institutes of Health
  • National Institute on Aging (U01AG062602)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic Associations and Epidemiology
Keywords
late-onset Alzheimer's disease
MeSH terms
Aged, Alzheimer Disease, Apolipoproteins E, Female, Humans, Japan, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Membrane Glycoproteins, Calcium Channels, Cohort Studies, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Calcium Channels, N-Type, Asian People, Genome-Wide Association Study, Republic of Korea

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