The DOI matches its Crossref record; 11 of the 11 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Lost in publication: how measurement harms science
Open accessAbstract
ESEP Ethics in Science and Environmental Politics Contact the journal RSS Mailing List Subscribe to our mailing list via Mailchimp HomeLatest VolumeAbout the JournalEditorsTheme Sections ESEP 8:9-11 (2008) - DOI: https://doi.org/10.3354/esep00079 Lost in publication: how measurement harms science Peter A. Lawrence* Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK, and MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK *Email: pal@mrc-lmb.cam.ac.uk ABSTRACT: Measurement of scientific productivity is difficult. The measures used (impact factor of the journal, citations to the paper being measured) are crude. But these measures are now so universally adopted that they determine most things that matter: tenure or unemployment, a postdoctoral grant or none, success or failure. As a result, scientists have been forced to downgrade their primary aim from making discoveries to publishing as many papers as possible—and trying to work them into high impact factor journals. Consequently, scientific behaviour has become distorted and the utility, quality and objectivity of articles has deteriorated. Changes to the way scientists are assessed are urgently needed, and I suggest some here. KEY WORDS: Impact factors · Citations · h-index · Measurement · Scientific careers Full text in pdf format PreviousNextCite this article as: Lawrence PA (2008) Lost in publication: how measurement harms science. Ethics Sci Environ Polit 8:9-11. https://doi.org/10.3354/esep00079 Export citation Mail this link - Contents Mailing Lists - RSS Facebook - Tweet - linkedIn Cited by Published in ESEP Vol. 8, No. 1. Online publication date: June 03, 2008 Print ISSN: 1863-5415; Online ISSN: ISSN Copyright © 2008 Inter-Research.
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“Graduate students and postdoctoral fellows are pressured into establishing themselves as quickly as possible (Lawrence 2008), and swapping care and vigilance for increased output is almost inevitable unless action is taken.”
From One in four citations in marine biology papers is inappropriate (2010) · cites this paper as Lawrence 2008
Citations
Cites
An index to quantify an individual’s scientific research output
Hirsch, J. E. (2005) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0507655102 · Cited by 11,669
Babcock, L. C., & Laschever, S. (2003) · Princeton University Press eBooks · doi:10.1515/9780691212845 · Cited by 855
Gender Differences in Publication Output: Towards an Unbiased Metric of Research Performance
Symonds, M. R. E., Gemmell, N. J., Braisher, T. L., Gorringe, K. L., & Elgar, M. A. (2006) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0000127 · Cited by 363
Lawrence, P. A. (2003) · Nature · doi:10.1038/422259a · Cited by 354
Self-citationLawrence, P. A. (2007) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cub.2007.06.014 · Cited by 296
Self-citationWomen Don't Ask: Negotiation and the Gender Divide
Solnick, S. J., Babcock, L. C., & Laschever, S. (2004) · Southern Economic Journal · doi:10.2307/4135303 · Cited by 275
The publishing imperative: the pervasive influence of publication metrics
Steele, C., Butler, L., & Kingsley, D. A. (2006) · Learned Publishing · doi:10.1087/095315106778690751 · Cited by 91
Men, Women, and Ghosts in Science
Lawrence, P. A. (2006) · PLoS Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.0040019 · Cited by 58
Self-citationI wish I'd made you angry earlier: essays on science, scientists, and humanity
(1998) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.36-2148 · Cited by 50
Uncovering the Biodiversity of Genetic and Reproductive Systems: Time for a More Open Approach
Keller, L. (2006) · The American Naturalist · doi:10.1086/509938 · Cited by 44
Uncovering the Biodiversity of Genetic and Reproductive Systems: Time for a More Open Approach
Keller, L. (2007) · The American Naturalist · doi:10.2307/4122258 · Cited by 25
Cited by
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When Knowledge Wins: Transcending the Sense and Nonsense of Academic Rankings
Adler, N. J., & Harzing, A.-W. (2009) · Academy of Management Learning & Education · doi:10.5465/amle.2009.37012181 · Cited by 853
Deep impact: unintended consequences of journal rank
Brembs, B., Button, K., & Munafò, M. (2013) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2013.00291 · Cited by 441
Bitetti, M. S. D., & Ferreras, J. A. (2016) · AMBIO · doi:10.1007/s13280-016-0820-7 · Cited by 521
A review of the characteristics of 108 author-level bibliometric indicators
Wildgaard, L., Schneider, J. W., & Larsen, B. (2014) · Scientometrics · doi:10.1007/s11192-014-1423-3 · Cited by 220
Academic air travel has a limited influence on professional success
Wynes, S., Donner, S. D., Tannason, S., & Nabors, N. (2019) · Journal of Cleaner Production · doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.04.109 · Cited by 183
Metadata
- Authors
- Lawrence, P.
- Venue
- Ethics in Science and Environmental Politics
- Publisher
- Inter-Research Science Center
- Published
- 2008-06-03
- Volume
- 8
- Pages
- 9-11
- ISSN
- 1611-8014 (ISSN-L)
- 1863-5415
- OpenAlex
- W1999768848
- Cited by
- 127
- References
- 11
- Citations by year
- 2025: 2 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 13 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 8
- FWCI
- 9.91
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- diamond
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- Ethics in Science and Environmental Politics (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Library and Information Sciences › scientometrics and bibliometrics research
- Social Sciences › Education › Academic integrity and plagiarism
- Social Sciences › Library and Information Sciences › Academic Publishing and Open Access
- Keywords
- impact factor, citation analysis, h-index, scientific careers, academic assessment, publication pressure, research quality, tenure and promotion
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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