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Aripiprazole Lauroxil NanoCrystal®Dispersion Technology (Aristada Initio®)
Abstract
Nonadherence to antipsychotic medications for the treatment of schizophrenia is a widely recognized concern, leading to poorer clinical outcomes and higher treatment costs. Long-acting injectable (LAI) antipsychotics offer an extended dosing interval option for patients, although the current options may require an oral overlap at initiation. Aripiprazole lauroxil is an LAI that offers multiple dosing options but requires oral treatment overlap during initiation for the first 21 consecutive days. As an alternative to oral overlap, a novel nano-crystalline milled dispersion delivery system of aripiprazole lauroxil was recently approved as a one-day regimen to be added to aripiprazole lauroxil treatment.
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In the citing paper
“An intramuscular injectable nanocrystalline milled dispersion of aripiprazole lauroxil (ALNCD, 675 mg) is available as a component of a 1-day initiation regimen that includes 30 mg of oral aripiprazole [41, 69].”
From Pharmacokinetic Characteristics of Long-Acting Injectable Antipsychotics for Schizophrenia: An Overview (2021) · cites this paper as [41]
In the citing paper
“As previously noted, ALNCD can be initiated with one dose of oral aripiprazole.”
From Pharmacokinetic Characteristics of Long-Acting Injectable Antipsychotics for Schizophrenia: An Overview (2021) · cites this paper as [41]
Citations
Cites
Discovering the Neural Basis of Human Social Anxiety: A Diagnostic and Therapeutic Imperative
Charney, D. S. (2004) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.161.1.1 · Cited by 1,428
The Use of Long-Acting Injectable Antipsychotics in Schizophrenia: Evaluating the Evidence
Correll, C. U., Citrome, L., Haddad, P. M., Lauriello, J., Olfson, M., Calloway, S. M., & Kane, J. M. (2016) · The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry · doi:10.4088/jcp.15032su1 · Cited by 372
Diagnosis, Phenomenology, Differential Diagnosis, and Comorbidity of Pediatric Bipolar Disorder
Kowatch, R. A. (2016) · The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry · doi:10.4088/jcp.15017su1c.01 · Cited by 21
Research works printed but not linked: 4
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Cited by
Desai, N., Rana, D., Patel, M., Bajwa, N., Prasad, R., & Vora, L. K. (2025) · Small · doi:10.1002/smll.202502315 · Cited by 350
Correll, C. U., Kim, E., Sliwa, J. K., Hamm, W., Gopal, S., Mathews, M., Venkatasubramanian, R., & Saklad, S. R. (2021) · CNS Drugs · doi:10.1007/s40263-020-00779-5 · Cited by 205
Release mechanisms and applications of drug delivery systems for extended-release
Wang, S., Liu, R., Fu, Y., & Kao, W. J. (2020) · Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery · doi:10.1080/17425247.2020.1788541 · Cited by 166
Patient-Centric Long-Acting Injectable and Implantable Platforms─An Industrial Perspective
Alidori, S., Subramanian, R., & Holm, R. (2024) · Molecular Pharmaceutics · doi:10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.4c00665 · Cited by 70
New Antipsychotic Medications in the Last Decade
Pahwa, M., Sleem, A., Elsayed, O. H., Good, M. E., & El‐Mallakh, R. S. (2021) · Current Psychiatry Reports · doi:10.1007/s11920-021-01298-w · Cited by 51
Drug Nanocrystals: A Comprehensive Review with Current Regulatory Guidelines
Dhaval, M., Makwana, J., Sakariya, E., & Dudhat, K. R. (2020) · Current Drug Delivery · doi:10.2174/1567201817666200512104833 · Cited by 43
Long-acting injectable antipsychotics: what, when, and how
Citrome, L. (2021) · CNS Spectrums · doi:10.1017/s1092852921000249 · Cited by 42
“Initiation of aripiprazole lauroxil requires either 21 days of supplementation with oral aripiprazole or the use of the aripiprazole lauroxil nanocrystal dispersion (ALNCD) formulation, available since 2018.(41,42,45,46) ALNCD contains nanometer-sized particles instead of the micrometer-sized particles contained in st…”
MethodJain, R., Meyer, J. M., Wehr, A. Y., Rege, B., Moltke, L. L. V., & Weiden, P. J. (2019) · CNS Spectrums · doi:10.1017/s1092852919000816 · Cited by 28
Citrome, L., & Volavka, J. (2021) · Harvard Review of Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/hrp.0000000000000275 · Cited by 28
Riboldi, I., Cavaleri, D., Capogrosso, C. A., Crocamo, C., Bartoli, F., & Carrà, G. (2022) · Psychology Research and Behavior Management · doi:10.2147/prbm.s371991 · Cited by 28
Seventy Years of Antipsychotic Development: A Critical Review
Shad, M. U. (2023) · Biomedicines · doi:10.3390/biomedicines11010130 · Cited by 22
Rapinesi, C., Kotzalidis, G. D., Mazzarini, L., Brugnoli, R., Ferracuti, S., Filippis, S. D., Cuomo, I., Giordano, G., CASALE, A. D., Angeletti, G., et al. (2019) · Clinical Drug Investigation · doi:10.1007/s40261-019-00801-9 · Cited by 15
Schizophrenia and Related Psychoses
(2021) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781119870203.mpg001 · Cited by 9
Citrome, L., Correll, C. U., Cutler, A. J., Dunbar, M., Hoberg, A. R., Hopkinson, C., Mattingly, G. W., McGrory, J. A., Rege, B., Weiden, P. J., et al. (2025) · Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment · doi:10.2147/ndt.s499367 · Cited by 8
“52,57 The smaller nanometer-sized crystals in the AL NanoCrystal Dispersion formulation (AL NCD ) dissolve faster than the larger micrometer-sized crystals in AL, resulting in a shorter delay in achieving relevant plasma concentrations (Figure 2).”
InfluentialTrovini, G., Lombardozzi, G., Kotzalidis, G. D., Lionetto, L., Russo, F., Sabatino, A. D., Serra, E., Castorina, S., Civita, G., Frezza, S., et al. (2025) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms26031394 · Cited by 7
“It involved the production of a single dose (675 mg) nanocrystal formulation of aripiprazole lauroxil with smaller, faster dissolving particles, to boost initiation [53,54].”
Choosing among the long-acting injectable antipsychotics: an evidence-based pragmatic guide
Citrome, L. (2025) · CNS Spectrums · doi:10.1017/s1092852925100400 · Cited by 5
Aripiprazole IM depot as an option for the treatment of bipolar disorder
Kotzalidis, G. D., Rapinesi, C., Chetoni, C., & Filippis, S. D. (2021) · Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1080/14656566.2021.1910236 · Cited by 4
“To avoid this shortcoming, Alkermes has developed a NanoCrystal formulation with smaller and faster dissolving particles, to be used as a single, 675 mg dose (675 mg) not repeated, requiring just one oral 30 mg aripiprazole dose instead of the canonical two-week period [18,19].”
MethodNanocarriers for Oral Drug Delivery
Cury, B. S. F., Meneguin, A. B., Prezotti, F. G., Boni, F. I., & Cardoso, V. M. D. O. (2021) · Nanomedicine and nanotoxicology · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-63389-9_7 · Cited by 3
Agarwal, V., Kaushik, N., & Sharma, P. K. (2021) · Drug Delivery Letters · doi:10.2174/2210303111666210616115543 · Cited by 2
Nanosuspension-based injectable dosage forms: state of art in taking them from bench to bedside
Chauhan, I., Verma, M., & Yasir, M. (2026) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-40366-8.00011-6
Shalaby, R. A., Gazayerly, O. N. E., Ahmed, M. A., Farag, M. M., & Abdelmalak, N. S. (2026) · Naunyn-Schmiedeberg s Archives of Pharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00210-026-05940-3
Jeong, J.-S., Ha, E., Kim, J.-S., Yoon, N.-Y., Jung, H.-W., Kim, M., Nam, J., Shin, E., Park, H., & Kim, M.-S. (2026) · Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation · doi:10.1007/s40005-026-00834-1
Metadata
- Authors
- Ehret, M. J., Davis, E., Luttrell, S. E., & Clark, C.
- Venue
- Clinical Schizophrenia & Related Psychoses
- Publisher
- Longdom Group
- Published
- 2018-06
- Volume
- 12
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 92-96
- ISSN
- 1935-1232 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2884025127
- Cited by
- 22
- References
- 3
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 2
- FWCI
- 2.34
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Clinical Schizophrenia & Related Psychoses (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Family Practice › Medication Adherence and Compliance
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Pharmaceutical studies and practices
- Keywords
- aripiprazole lauroxil, long-acting injectable antipsychotics, schizophrenia, medication non-adherence
- MeSH terms
- Aripiprazole, Administration, Oral, Adult, Delayed-Action Preparations, Drug Administration Schedule, Drug Therapy, Combination, Female, Humans, Injections, Intramuscular, Male, Middle Aged, Prodrugs, Schizophrenia, Schizophrenic Psychology, Nanoparticles, Medication Adherence
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Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
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