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Home Range, Habitat Selection and Activity Patterns of an Arid-Zone Population of Temminck's Ground Pangolins,Smutsia temminckii
Abstract
All previous behavioural studies of Temminck's ground pangolins (Smutsia temminckii) have focused on populations in mesic regions. We examined home range size, activity periods, habitat selectivity and refuge site selection of 13 individuals over three years in the Kalahari Desert of South Africa, near the western edge of the species' range. Kernel home ranges of adults averaged 6.5 ± 5.9 km2, while juveniles had average home ranges of 6.1 ± 4.0 km2. Reliable prediction of 95% of the Kernel home range required 88 ± 67.7 tracking days. No significant habitat selectivity was observed. Earthen burrows were the most frequently used refuge type. The time at which activity commenced varied seasonally as well as among individuals, with an increase in diurnal activity during winter. Young pangolins also displayed more diurnal activity compared to adults. Individuals spent 5.7 ± 2.0 hours per 24-hour cycle outside of refuges, with no significant seasonal variation. Juvenile dispersal peaked during mid-summer, with individuals travelling up to 49 km from their natal areas. We estimate a breeding density of 0.16 individuals/km2 and a total density of 0.31 individuals/km2 for our study area. Our data suggest that activity patterns, movements and refuge selection is similar across the species’ southern African range, but that densities may be higher in the Kalahari compared to populations in more mesic eastern areas.
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Smutsia temminckii is known to utilize aardvark burrows.
“Smutsia temminckii is known to utilize aardvark burrows (Pietersen, McKechnie, and Jansen, 2014).”
From Locating Giant Ground Pangolins ( Smutsia gigantea ) Using Camera Traps on Burrows in the Dja Biosphere Reserve, Cameroon (2018) · cites this paper as Pietersen, McKechnie, and Jansen, 2014
White-bellied pangolins, black-bellied pangolins, and Temminck's ground pangolins are known to be active in the day.
“This is not without precedent as white-bellied pangolins ( Phataginus tricuspis [Rafinesque, 1821]), black-bellied pangolins ( P. tetradactyla [Linnaeus, 1766]) and Temminck's ground pangolins are known to be active in the day (Pietersen et al., 2014).”
From Locating Giant Ground Pangolins ( Smutsia gigantea ) Using Camera Traps on Burrows in the Dja Biosphere Reserve, Cameroon (2018) · cites this paper as Pietersen et al., 2014
Temminck's ground pangolin habitat use has been studied by following animals with radio transmitters and GPS receivers.
“Temminck's ground pangolin ( Smutsia temminckii [Smuts, 1832]) habitat use has been studied by following animals that have radio transmitters attached and remotely sensed information collected through GPS receivers (Pietersen et al., 2014).”
From Locating Giant Ground Pangolins ( Smutsia gigantea ) Using Camera Traps on Burrows in the Dja Biosphere Reserve, Cameroon (2018) · cites this paper as Pietersen et al., 2014
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Bruce, T., Kamta, R., Tabue Mbobda, R. B., Talla Kanto, S., Djibrilla, D., Moses, I., Deblauwe, V., Njabo, K., LeBreton, M., Ndjassi, C., et al. (2018) · Tropical Conservation Science · doi:10.1177/1940082917749224 · Cited by 26
Metadata
- Authors
- Pietersen, D. W., McKechnie, A. E., & Jansen, R.
- Affiliations
- IUCN Species Survival Commission (CH)
- University of Pretoria (ZA)
- Tshwane University of Technology (ZA)
- Corresponding author
- Pietersen, Darren W.
- Venue
- African Zoology
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2014-10
- Volume
- 49
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 265-276
- ISSN
- 1562-7020 (ISSN-L)
- 2224-073X
- OpenAlex
- W2202994811
- Cited by
- 43
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 3 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 1
- FWCI
- 0.53
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- African Zoology (publishedVersion)
- BioOne Complete (BioOne) (submittedVersion)
- UpSpace Institutional Repository (University of Pretoria) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Minnesota Department of Natural Resources
- National Research Foundation
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecology › Wildlife Ecology and Conservation
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecology › Animal Ecology and Behavior Studies
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecological Modeling › Species Distribution and Climate Change
- Keywords
- Smutsia temminckii, home range, habitat selection, activity patterns, natal dispersal, breeding density, Kalahari, diurnal activity, seasonal variation
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