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Globalization, Structural Change and Productivity Growth
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Large gaps in labor productivity between the traditional and modern parts of the economy are a fundamental reality of developing societies.In this paper, we document these gaps, and emphasize that labor flows from low-productivity activities to high-productivity activities are a key driver of development.Our results show that since 1990 structural change has been growth reducing in both Africa and Latin America, with the most striking changes taking place in Latin America.The bulk of the difference between these countries' productivity performance and that of Asia is accounted for by differences in the pattern of structural change -with labor moving from low-to high-productivity sectors in Asia, but in the opposite direction in Latin America and Africa.In our empirical work, we identify three factors that help determine whether (and the extent to which) structural change contributes to overall productivity growth.In countries with a relatively large share of natural resources in exports, structural change has typically been growth reducing.Even though these "enclave" sectors usually operate at very high productivity, they cannot absorb the surplus labor from agriculture.By contrast, competitive or undervalued exchange rates and labor market flexibility have contributed to growth enhancing structural change.
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ISAH, B., & ABDULLAHI, U. A. (2026) · International Journal of African Innovation and Multidisciplinary Research · doi:10.70382/mejaimr.v12i2.0112
Metadata
- Authors
- McMillan, M., & Rodrik, D.
- Affiliations
- Tufts University (US)
- ORCID
- Rodrik, Dani
- Venue
- National Bureau of Economic Research
- Publisher
- National Bureau of Economic Research
- Published
- 2011-06
- OpenAlex
- W1520184347
- Cited by
- 1,104
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 73 · 2025: 55 · 2024: 59 · 2023: 61 · 2022: 55 · 2021: 90 · 2020: 88 · 2019: 105 · 2018: 111 · 2017: 82 · 2016: 69 · 2015: 83 · 2014: 53 · 2013: 61 · 2012: 42
- Type
- report
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- doi.org
- Locations
- National Bureau of Economic Research (publishedVersion)
- CGSPace A Repository of Agricultural Research Outputs (Consultative Group for International Agricultural Research) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- CGSPace A Repository of Agricultural Research Outputs (Consultative Group for International Agricultural Research) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- International Fine Particle Research Institute
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Economics, Econometrics and Finance › Economics and Econometrics › Economic Growth and Productivity
- Social Sciences › Economics, Econometrics and Finance › General Economics, Econometrics and Finance › Global trade and economics
- Social Sciences › Economics, Econometrics and Finance › General Economics, Econometrics and Finance › Economic Theory and Policy
- Keywords
- structural change, labor productivity growth, globalization, labor reallocation, developing countries, Africa, Latin America, Asia, natural resource exports, agricultural surplus labor, exchange rates, labour market flexibility, productivity gap
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