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Dressed for Success? The Effect of School Uniforms on Student Achievement and Behavior
Open accessAbstract
Uniform use in public schools is rising, but we know little about how they affect students.Using a unique dataset from a large urban school district in the southwest United States, we assess how uniforms affect behavior, achievement and other outcomes.Each school in the district determines adoption independently, providing variation over schools and time.By including student and school fixed-effects we find evidence that uniform adoption improves attendance in secondary grades, while in elementary schools they generate large increases in teacher retention.
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Other research reveals largely null or negative associations between school uniforms and elementary and secondary school students' attendance and social-behavior.
“Other research, however, reveals largely null or negative associations between school uniforms and elementary and secondary school students’ attendance and social-behavior (Brunsma & Rockquemore, 1998; Gentile & Imberman, 2011; Han, 2010).”
From School uniforms and student behavior: is there a link? (2022) · cites this paper as Gentile & Imberman, 2011
Section 5.2 reports little evidence of effects on elementary students’ attendance or disciplinary infractions, and little effect on disciplinary infractions among middle and high school students. But it finds significant improvements in middle and high school attendance, so the characterization of secondary attendance associations as largely null or negative does not fit this paper. (LLM, conf=0.91)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe present findings of null and sometimes negative associations are similar to prior studies that documented null or negative associations, but stand in contrast with other studies showing benefits of school uniforms for children's socio-emotional development.
“When taken together, these null—and in some cases negative—findings are both similar to prior studies that have documented null or negative associations (Brunsma & Rockquemore, 1998; Gentile & Imberman, 2011; Han, 2010), but stand in contrast with other studies that show benefits of school uniforms for children’s socio-emotional development (Huss, 2007; Wade & Stafford, 2003; Sanchez et al., 2012;”
From School uniforms and student behavior: is there a link? (2022) · cites this paper as Gentile & Imberman, 2011
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Research works printed but not linked: 12
- Bodine, Ann, "School Uniforms, Academic Achievement, and Uses of Research," The Journal of Educational Research, 2003, 97 (2), 67-73.
- Boyd, Don, Hamp Lankford, Susanna Loeb, Mathhew Ronfeldt, and Jim Wyckoff, "The Role of Teacher Quality in Retention and Hiring: Using Applications to Trans- fer to Uncovere Preferences of Teachers and Schools," Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, 2010, 30 (1), 88-110.
- and Kerry A. Rockquemore, "Effects of Student Uniforms on Attendance, Behavior Problems, Substance Abuse, and Academic Achievements," The Journal of Educational Research, 1998, 92 (1).
- Carrell, Scott and Mark Hoekstra, "Externalities in the Classroom: How Children Exposed to Domestic Violence Affect Everyone's Kids," American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, January 2010, 2 (1), 211-228.
- Jacob, Brian A., "Where the Boys Aren't: Non-Cognitive Skills, Returns to School, and the Gender Gap in Higher Education," Economics of Education Review, 2002, 21 (6), 589- 598.
- Rivkin, Steven G., Eric A. Hanushek, and John F. Kain, "Teachers, Schools and Aca- demic Achievement," Econometrica, 2005, 73 (2), 417-458.
- Segal, Carmit, "Classroom Behavior," Journal of Human Resources, Fall 2009, 43 (4), 783-814.
- Stanley, M.Sue, "School Uniforms and Safety," Education and Urban Society, 1996, 28 (4), 424.
- Wade, Kathleen K. and Mary E. Stafford, "Public School Uniforms: Effect on Perceptions of Gang Presence, School Climate, and Student Self-Perceptions," Education and Urban Society, 2003, 35 (4), 399.
- Watlington, Eliah, Robert Shockley, Paul Guglielmino, and Rivka Felsher, "The High Cost of Leaving: An Analysis of the Cost of Teacher Turnover," Journal of Education Finance, 2010, 36 (1), 22-37.
- Wooldridge, Jeffrey M., Econometric Analysis of Cross Section and Panel Data, MIT Press, 2002.
- Yeung, Ryan, "Are Uniforms a Good Fit?: Results from the ECLS-K and the NELS," Educa- tional Policy, 2009, 23 (6), 847-874.
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School uniforms and student behavior: is there a link?
Ansari, A., Shepard, M., & Gottfried, M. A. (2022) · Early Childhood Research Quarterly · doi:10.1016/j.ecresq.2021.09.012 · Cited by 19
Metadata
- Authors
- Gentile, E., & Imberman, S.
- Affiliations
- National Bureau of Economic Research (US)
- ORCID
- Imberman, Scott
- Venue
- National Bureau of Economic Research
- Publisher
- National Bureau of Economic Research
- Published
- 2011-08
- OpenAlex
- W3124700926
- Cited by
- 7
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2022: 1 · 2021: 1 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 3 · 2012: 1
- Type
- report
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- doi.org
- Locations
- National Bureau of Economic Research (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Education › School Choice and Performance
- Social Sciences › Education › Education Discipline and Inequality
- Social Sciences › Education › Early Childhood Education and Development
- Keywords
- school uniforms, academic performance, student behavior, school attendance, teacher retention, secondary schools, elementary school, urban school districts
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