Porphyromonas gingivalis: An Overview of Periodontopathic Pathogen below the Gum Line
Open accessAbstract
Periodontal disease represents a group of oral inflammatory infections initiated by oral pathogens which exist as a complex biofilms on the tooth surface and cause destruction to tooth supporting tissues. The severity of this disease ranges from mild and reversible inflammation of the gingiva (gingivitis) to chronic destruction of connective tissues, the formation of periodontal pocket and ultimately result in loss of teeth. While human subgingival plaque harbors more than 500 bacterial species, considerable research has shown that Porphyromonas gingivalis, a Gram-negative anaerobic bacterium, is the major etiologic agent which contributes to chronic periodontitis. This black-pigmented bacterium produces a myriad of virulence factors that cause destruction to periodontal tissues either directly or indirectly by modulating the host inflammatory response. Here, this review provides an overview of P. gingivalis and how its virulence factors contribute to the pathogenesis with other microbiome consortium in oral cavity.
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Infection with P gingivalis and the subsequent development of microbial dysbiosis stimulates a pro-inflammatory immune response in the gingiva in response to the lipopolysaccharides and endotoxins produced by increased bacterial pathogens.
“Infection with P gingivalis and the subsequent development of microbial dysbiosis stimulates a pro‐inflammatory immune response in the gingiva in response to the lipopolysaccharides and endotoxins produced by increased bacterial pathogens.212”
From The oral microbiome: Role of key organisms and complex networks in oral health and disease (2021) · cites this paper as [212]
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References 138 · Cited by 858
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- Nisengard R. J. Newman M. G. (1994). Oral Microbiol Immunol. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders Company.
- Theilade E. (1990). Factors Controlling the Microflora of the Healthy Human Mouth. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.
- Authors
- How, K. Y., Song, K. P., & Chan, K. G.
- Affiliations
- University of Malaya (MY)
- Monash University Malaysia (MY)
- Corresponding author
- How, Kah Yan
- Venue
- Frontiers in Microbiology
- Publisher
- Frontiers Media SA
- Published
- 2016-02-09
- Volume
- 7
- Pages
- 53-53
- ISSN
- 1664-302X (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4746253
- OpenAlex
- W2279029296
- Cited by
- 858
- References
- 138
- Citations by year
- 2026: 64 · 2025: 91 · 2024: 118 · 2023: 112 · 2022: 115 · 2021: 88 · 2020: 83 · 2019: 68 · 2018: 56 · 2017: 44 · 2016: 18
- FWCI
- 10.70
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- Frontiers in Microbiology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Monash University Research Portal (Monash University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- Universiti Malaya
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Dentistry › Periodontics › Oral microbiology and periodontitis research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Urology › Periodontal Regeneration and Treatments
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Pharmacy › Oral and gingival health research
- Keywords
- Porphyromonas gingivalis, periodontal disease, chronic periodontitis, subgingival plaque, virulence factors, host inflammatory response, periodontal tissue destruction, oral microbiota, anaerobic bacteria, periodontal biofilm
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