Genome sequence and evaluation of safety and probiotic potential of Lacticaseibacillus paracasei LC86 and Lacticaseibacillus casei LC89
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Aim: A comprehensive safety assessment of potential probiotic strains was essential for their application in the food industry. This article systematically evaluated the probiotic characteristics, whole-genome sequence analysis and safety of Lacticaseibacillus paracasei LC86 and Lacticaseibacillus casei LC89. Methods: Firstly, the two strains of lactic acid bacteria selected were identified. Secondly, whole-genome sequencing was performed on LC86 and LC89, and their antibiotic resistance, pathogenicity, and virulence genes were analyzed. We tested various properties of the two strains, included tolerance, cell adhesion, hemolytic activity, catalase activity, gelatin hydrolysis, arginine hydrolysis ability, bile salt hydrolysis capacity, mucin degradation, bioamine, D-/L-lactic acid production and antibiotic susceptibility, to confirm the safety of LC86 and LC89 both in vitro and in vivo . Additionally, we studied the acute toxicity of LC86 and LC89 in mice through a 14-day oral gavage experiment. Results: The two strains selected were identified as Lacticaseibacillus paracasei and Lacticaseibacillus casei . The genomes of both LC86 and LC89 were devoid of virulence, antibiotic resistance and pathogenicity genes. LC86 and LC89 exhibited good tolerance to temperature, artificial gastric fluid and artificial intestinal fluid; they were non-hemolytic, their catalase activity, gelatin hydrolysis, arginine hydrolysis and bile salt hydrolysis were all negative. They exhibited the capability to break down proteins and demonstrated sensitivity to a range of antibiotics. The oral LD 50 for both LC86 and LC89 in mice was >2 × 10 10 CFU/kg. Conclusion: The experimental results above demonstrated the probiotic characteristics and safety of LC86 and LC89, indicating their potential as candidates for probiotics for human and animal applications.
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Hemolysins are potent virulence factors that facilitate systemic dissemination by lysing host red blood cells and degrading the epithelial barrier, leading to opportunistic infections.
“Hemolysins are classified as potent virulence factors that facilitate systemic dissemination by lysing host red blood cells and degrading the epithelial barrier, thereby leading to opportunistic infections82.”
From Probiotic potential of Lactobacillus acidophilus TMPC 41127 isolated from traditional cheese in inhibiting Salmonella Typhi biofilms and virulence genes (2026) · cites this paper as [82]
The Discussion (page not provided) states that hemolytic activity lyses red blood cells. It does not say that hemolysins degrade the epithelial barrier, facilitate systemic dissemination, or cause opportunistic infections; its separate discussion of mucosal-barrier disruption concerns arginine hydrolysis and mucin degradation. (LLM, conf=0.86)
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References 54 · Cited by 16
- Authors
- Chen, T., Zhao, Y., Fan, Y., Dong, Y., & Gai, Z.
- Affiliations
- Huazhong Agricultural University (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Gai, Zhonghui
- Venue
- Frontiers in Microbiology
- Publisher
- Frontiers Media SA
- Published
- 2025-01-27
- Volume
- 15
- Pages
- 1501502-1501502
- ISSN
- 1664-302X (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC11808145
- OpenAlex
- W4406850229
- Cited by
- 16
- References
- 54
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 6
- FWCI
- 7.55
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Frontiers in Microbiology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Probiotics and Fermented Foods
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Bacterial Genetics and Biotechnology
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Aquaculture disease management and microbiota
- Keywords
- probiotic safety, whole genome sequencing, virulence genes, antibiotic resistance genes, bile salt hydrolysis, bile tolerance, gastric acid tolerance, acute oral toxicity, lactic acid production, mucin degradation, lactic acid bacteria
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