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Lentils and Gluten Cross Contact
Open accessAbstract
Lentils are naturally gluten-free and are recommended for people with celiac disease and other gluten-related disorders. However, like oats, they appear to be at a heightened risk of cross contact with gluten-containing grains. The purpose of this study was to spot check for the presence of errant gluten-containing grains in a variety of brands of lentils purchased in 2021. Twenty-five bags of different dry lentil products representing 24 brands were purchased online and at various grocery stores. Each bag of lentils was individually hand sorted. Two of the 25 packages of lentils contained errant gluten-containing grains. One 16-ounce (454 g) bag contained a grain of wheat. Another 16-ounce (454 g) bag contained a grain of wheat and a grain of barley. For a product to be considered gluten-free in the United States, it must contain <20 mg of gluten per kilogram (or 20 parts per million of gluten). A product at the 20-ppm level of gluten should contain no more than 2 intact gluten-containing grains per kilogram or 35.27 ounces (1,000 g) of food (or 1 intact gluten-containing grain in 17.64 ounces [500 g] of food). Based on these calculations, a 16-ounce (454 g) bag of lentils containing 1 intact gluten-containing grain would not be considered gluten-free. Lentils are at risk of cross contact with gluten-containing grain. Consumers should continue to sort through lentils removing foreign grain, and rinse sorted lentils under running water to remove grain dust before cooking.
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“There is evidence that specifically maize and buckwheat (53-55), as well as legumes (including mainly lentils) (56) may have cross-contact with gluten, which may happen during different phases of production such as cultivation, harvesting as well as industrial manufacturing.”
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Research works printed but not linked: 6
- Allred, 2018, The use of visual examination for determining the presence of gluten-containing grains in gluten free oats and other grains, seeds, beans, pulses, and legumes, J AOAC Int, 101, 36, 10.5740/jaoacint.170414 · DOI
- Catassi, 2007, A prospective, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to establish a safe gluten threshold for patients with celiac disease, Am J Clin Nutr., 85, 160, 10.1093/ajcn/85.1.160 · DOI
- Thompson, 2018, When foods contain both a gluten-free claim and an allergen advisory statement for wheat: should consumers be concerned?, Eur J Clin Nutr., 72, 931, 10.1038/s41430-018-0141-y · DOI
- Thompson, 2016, Allergen advisory statements for wheat: do they help U.S. consumers with celiac disease make safe food choices?, Eur J Clin Nutr., 70, 1341, 10.1038/ejcn.2016.155 · DOI
- Chapter 3. USA Dry Pea, Lentil & Chickpea Production
- Processing Information and Technical Manual USAPulses Chapter 3. Production. Legumes
Cited by
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Luque, V., Crespo‐Escobar, P., Hård af Segerstad, E. M., Koltai, T., Norsa, L., Roman, E., Vreugdenhil, A., Fueyo‐Díaz, R., & Ribes‐Koninckx, C. (2024) · Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition · doi:10.1002/jpn3.12079 · Cited by 44
Metadata
- Authors
- Thompson, T., Lyons, T. B., & Keller, A.
- Affiliations
- MetroHealth (US)
- Corresponding author
- Thompson, Tricia
- ORCID
- Thompson, Tricia
- Venue
- Frontiers in Nutrition
- Publisher
- Frontiers Media SA
- Published
- 2022-04-29
- Volume
- 9
- Pages
- 867954-867954
- ISSN
- 2296-861X (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC9101047
- OpenAlex
- W4225133950
- Cited by
- 2
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2024: 1
- FWCI
- 0.44
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Frontiers in Nutrition (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Gastroenterology › Celiac Disease Research and Management
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Food composition and properties
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Food Safety and Hygiene
- Keywords
- lentil, gluten-free foods, celiac disease, wheat contamination, gluten-free labeling, food safety, grain sorting
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- Thompson, T., Lyons, T. B., & Keller, A. (2022). Lentils and Gluten Cross Contact. Frontiers in Nutrition. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2022.867954


