HERV-K(HML-2), the Best Preserved Family of HERVs: Endogenization, Expression, and Implications in Health and Disease

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Items 101–177 of 177

1. Transcriptional activity of human endogenous retroviruses is higher at birth in inversed correlation with gestational age.
   M. Bergallo, I. Galliano, A. Pirra, V. Daprá, F. Licciardi, P. Montanari, A. Coscia, E. Bertino, P. Tovo · 2019 · Infection, Genetics and Evolution
2. HERVs: Expression Control Mechanisms and Interactions in Diseases and Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection
   Federica Mantovani, Konstantina Kitsou, Gkikas Magiorkinis · 2024 · Genes
3. Microorganisms as Shapers of Human Civilization, from Pandemics to Even Our Genomes: Villains or Friends? A Historical Approach
   Francisco Rodríguez‐Frias, Josep Quer, David Tabernero, María Francesca Cortese, Selene García-García, Ariadna Rando‐Segura, Tomàs Pumarola · 2021 · Microorganisms
4. Superior lentiviral vectors designed for BSL-0 environment abolish vector mobilization
   Peirong Hu, Yanmin Bi, Hong Ma, Thipparat Suwanmanee, Brian Zeithaml, Nate J. Fry, Donald B. Kohn, Tal Kafri · 2018 · Gene Therapy
5. Human Endogenous Retroviruses in Breast Cancer: Altered Expression Pattern Implicates Divergent Roles in Carcinogenesis
   L. Záveský, E. Jandáková, V. Weinberger, L. Minář, Milada Kohoutová, O. Slanař · 2024 · Oncology
6. Fasting and overfeeding affect the expression of the immunity- or inflammation-related genes in the liver of poultry via endogenous retrovirus
   Tongjun Liu, Ya Xing, Xue Fan, Zhenzhen Chen, Chao Zhao, Long Liu, Minmeng Zhao, Xuming Hu, Biao Dong, Jian Wang et al. · 2020 · Poultry Science
7. Inside the Envelope: Endogenous Retrovirus-K Env as a Biomarker and Therapeutic Target
   Marie-Josée Nadeau, Mamneet Manghera, Renée N. Douville · 2015 · Frontiers in Microbiology
8. Utility of next‐generation RNA‐sequencing in identifying chimeric transcription involving human endogenous retroviruses
   M. Sokol, Karen Margrethe Jessen, F. Pedersen · 2016 · Acta Pathologica, Microbiologica et Immunologica Scandinavica (APMIS)
9. The relationship between HERVs and exogenous viral infections: A focus on the value of HERVs in disease prediction and treatment
   Anhua Dou, Juan Xu, Chenglin Zhou · 2025 · Virulence
10. Mechanistic regulation of HERV activation in tumors and implications for translational research in oncology
    Elena A. Cherkasova, Long Chen, Richard W. Childs · 2024 · Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology
11. Association of HERV-K and LINE-1 hypomethylation with reduced disease-free survival in melanoma patients.
    M. Cardelli, R. van Doorn, Lares Larcher, M. Di Donato, F. Piacenza, E. Pierpaoli, R. Giacconi, M. Malavolta, S. Rachakonda, N. Gruis et al. · 2020 · Epigenomics
12. The antiviral immune forces awaken in the cancer wars
    Dohun Pyeon, Lexi Vu, Nicholas S. Giacobbi, Joseph A. Westrich · 2020 · PLoS Pathogens
13. Transcriptional Activity of Human Endogenous Retroviruses in Response to Prenatal Exposure of Maternal Cigarette Smoking
    Massimiliano Bergallo, Ilaria Galliano, Valentina Daprà, Alice Pirra, Paola Montanari, Marzia Pavan, Cristina Calvi, Enrico Bertino, Alessandra Coscia, Pier‐Angelo Tovo · 2018 · American Journal of Perinatology
14. Mammalian tumor-like organs. 1. The role of tumor-like normal organs and atypical tumor organs in the evolution of development (carcino-evo-devo)
    Andrei P. Kozlov · 2022 · Infectious Agents and Cancer
15. A human endogenous retrovirus encoded protease potentially cleaves numerous cellular proteins
    Giuseppe Rigogliuso, Martin Lothar Biniossek, John L. Goodier, Bettina A. Mayer, Gavin Pereira, Oliver Schilling, Eckart U. Meese, Jens M. Mayer · 2019 · Mobile DNA
16. Identification and spontaneous immune targeting of an endogenous retrovirus K envelope protein in the Indian rhesus macaque model of human disease
    Helen L. Wu, Enrique J. Léon, Lyle T Wallace, Francesca A. Nimiyongskul, M. Buechler, L. Newman, Philip A. Castrovinci, R. Johnson, R. Gifford, R. Jones et al. · 2016 · Retrovirology
17. HERVK-mediated regulation of neighboring genes: implications for breast cancer prognosis
    Boying Liang, Teng-Yue Yan, Huilin Wei, Die Zhang, Lanxiang Li, Zeng-Jing Liu, Wen Li, Yu-Luan Zhang, Nili Jiang, Qiuxia Meng et al. · 2024 · Retrovirology
18. The interaction of human immunodeficiency virus-1 and human endogenous retroviruses in patients (primary cell cultures) and cell line models
    Federica Mantovani, K. Kitsou, D. Paraskevis, P. Lagiou, G. Magiorkinis · 2023 · Microbiology spectrum
19. Prolonged activity of HERV-K(HML2) in Old World Monkeys accounts for recent integrations and novel recombinant variants
    Saili Chabukswar, Nicole Grandi, Enzo Tramontano · 2022 · Frontiers in Microbiology
20. SARS-CoV-2 and human retroelements: a case for molecular mimicry?
    Benjamin Koch · 2022 · BMC Genomic Data
21. Mining for viral fragments in methylation enriched sequencing data
    Klaas Mensaert, Wim Van Criekinge, Olivier Thas, Ed M. D. Schuuring, Renske D.M. Steenbergen, G. Bea A. Wisman, Tim De Meyer · 2015 · Frontiers in Genetics
22. Expression of evolutionarily novel genes in tumors
    Andrei P. Kozlov · 2016 · Infectious Agents and Cancer
23. Age-related reduction of antibody response against the human endogenous retrovirus K envelope in women
    Hyoung Jin Kim, Byung‐In Moon, Jun Woo Lee, Hong-Jin Kim, Hong-Jin Kim · 2016 · Oncotarget
24. Genome-wide transcriptome analysis of prostate cancer tissue identified overexpression of specific members of the human endogenous retrovirus-K family
    B. Sayanjali · 2017
25. HERV‐K TM Subunit Elicits CD8 + T Cell Anergy and Tumor Immune Evasion via Targeting CD3 Coreceptor ε in AML and PDAC
    Mengyuan Li, Shuwen Zheng, Qinyuan Gong, Zhaoxing Wu, Wen Lei, Wanyue Cao, Ping Wang, Xuzhao Zhang, Wenbin Qian, Yun Liang et al. · 2025 · Advanced Science
26. HERV-K and W expression in peripheral mononuclear cells of children with Henoch-Schönlein purpura and relation with TLRs activation.
    M. Bergallo, E. Loiacono, I. Galliano, P. Montanari, L. Peruzzi, P. Tovo, R. Coppo · 2017 · Minerva Pediatrica
27. Impacts of Endogenous Retroviruses on Tumorigenesis, Immunity, Stem Cells, and Research Safety
    I. Katoh · 2014 · Frontiers in Oncology
28. The Actinic Keratosis Virome: Can We Prevent Squamous Cell Carcinoma with a Vaccine?
    Ian Hector Frazer · 2014 · Current problems in dermatology
29. Retrotransposons unplugged: Rewiring the nervous system and wreaking havoc
    Alexandra M. Whiteley, Jason D. Shepherd · 2025 · Neuron
30. Compilation of all known HERV-K HML-2 proviral integrations
    Eleni Kyriakou, Gkikas Magiorkinis · 2025 · Mobile DNA
31. Immunogenicity of the Envelope Surface Unit of Human Endogenous Retrovirus K18 in Mice
    Victoria Ilse, Rebekka Scholz, Michael Wermann, Marcel Naumann, Martin Sebastian Staege, Steffen Roßner, Holger Cynis · 2022 · International Journal of Molecular Sciences
32. MMTV-like Env sequences from human breast cancer patients cannot yet be considered as a separate species
    Farah Mustafa, Waqar Ahmad, Thanumol Abdul Khader, Neena Gopinathan Panicker, Shaima Akhlaq, Jasmin Baby, Bushra Gull · 2022 · Hamdan Medical Journal
33. Predicted Cellular Interactors of the Endogenous Retrovirus-K Integrase Enzyme
    Ilena Benoit, Signy Brownell, Renée N. Douville · 2021 · Microorganisms
34. Overexpression of Endogenous Retroviruses and Malignancy Markers in Neuroblastoma Cell Lines by Medium-Induced Microenvironmental Changes
    Lisa Wieland, K. Engel, I. Volkmer, A. Krüger, Guido Posern, M. Kornhuber, M. Staege, A. Emmer · 2021 · Frontiers in Oncology
35. Characterization of an integrated, endogenous mouse mammary tumor virus-like (MMTV) betaretrovirus genome in a black Syrian hamster (Mesocricetus auratus)
    Katalin Barbara Horváth, Ákos Boros, Endre Kálmán, Péter Pankovics, Eric Delwart, Gábor Reuter · 2019 · Infection Genetics and Evolution
36. Human endogenous retrovirus, HERV-P and HERV-R in pediatric leukemia patients
    M. Bergallo, K. Mareschi, P. Montanari, Cristina Calvi, Massimo Berger, Ilaria Bini, V. Daprá, I. Galliano, F. Fagioli · 2019 · Journal of Hematopathology
37. Templated Sequence Insertion Polymorphisms in the Human Genome
    M. Onozawa, P. Aplan · 2016 · Frontiers in Chemistry
38. Potential Mechanisms for Human Genome Integration of Genetic Code from SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccination
    Anthony M. Kyriakopoulos, Peter A McCullough, Greg Nigh, Stephanie Seneff · 2022
39. Retroviral Elements in Human Evolution and Neural Development
    Tongguang Wang, Tara T. Doucet-O’Hare, Lisa J. Henderson, Rachel P. M. Abrams, Avindra Nath · 2021 · Journal of Experimental Neurology
40. The role of transposable elements activity in genomic instability and their relationship to aging process
    Jingran Hu, Tianhao Mao, Kainan Huang, Shangzhi Yang, Wenrui Yu, Jiacheng Huang, Shiqi Jin, Chuanyu Sun, Zeyidan Jiapaer, Xiaohai Wang · 2026 · Cell Cycle
41. Characterization of HERV-K (HML-2) Rec proteins encoded in the human genome and their post-transcriptional function
    Katarzyna Zurowska, Godfrey A. Dzhivhuho, David F. Grabski, David M. Rekosh, Marie‐Louise Hammarskjöld · 2025 · Journal of Virology
42. Human endogenous retrovirus K activation in the lower respiratory tract of severe COVID-19 patients associates with early mortality
    Thiago Moreno L. Souza, Jairo Ramos Temerozo, Natalia Fintelman Rodrigues, Monique Cristina dos Santos, Eugênio Damaceno Hottz, Carolina Q. Sacramento, Aline Silva, Samuel Coelho Mandacaru, Emilly Caroline dos Santos Moraes, Monique R. O. Trugilho et al. · 2021 · Research Square
43. Expression of HERV-K and embryonic genes in chronic lymphocytic leukemia and their association with therapy regimens
    C. Matteucci, Vita Petrone, Alessandro Giovinazzo, Roberta Laureana, M. Postorino, L. Pupo, C. Cipriani, N. Toschi, Marialaura Fanelli, A. Minutolo et al. · 2025 · Blood Advances
44. Endogenous human stem cell-associated retroviruses
    G. Glinsky · 2015 · bioRxiv
45. From 'purging' to 'endogenization' of the HIV genome: a new approach to HIV eradication?
    G. Antonelli · 2014 · Clinical Microbiology and Infection
46. Viviparity and beyond: captured endogenous retroviral envelope genes drive teleost physiological innovations
    Wei-Hao Song, Fuxiang Liu, Wen Song, Xiang Li, Yu-Heng Xie, Ruiyan Yang, Mengda Du, Ya-Jun Wang, Fengyan Zhang, Xiangyu Gao et al. · 2026 · Molecular biology and evolution
47. Crystal structure of HERV-K envelope glycoprotein surface subunit
    Nikos Nikolopoulos, Yorgo Modis · 2026 · Journal of Virology
48. State‐of‐the‐art in transposable element modulation affected by drugs in malignant prostatic cancer cells
    Anna Terrazzan, Riccardo Vanini, Pietro Ancona, Nicoletta Bianchi, Cristian Taccioli, Gianluca Aguiari · 2024 · Journal of Cellular Biochemistry
49. Human endogenous retroviruses expressional level is influenced by gender
    C. Alliaudi, I. Galliano, P. Montanari, Marzia Pavan, Cristina Calvi, V. Daprá, M. Bergallo · 2019 · Minerva biotecnologica (Testo stampato)
50. Development of an antigen-capture ELISA for the detection of the p27-CA protein of HERV-K(HML-2)
    Oliver Höhn, Saeed Mostafa, Stephen Norley, Norbert Bannert · 2016 · Journal of Virological Methods
51. The Effect of Life History on Retroviral Genome Invasions
    Ravinder K. Kanda, T. Coulson · 2015 · PLoS ONE
52. K-type human endogenous retroviral elements in human melanoma
    L. Rincon, Michael P. Sedrak, Hui-Chuan Sun, G. Garza, Brent C. Kelly, Jian-Li Dong · 2014 · Advances in Genomics and Genetics
53. DNA Methylation and Viral Infections
    Michel Neidhart · 2015 · Elsevier eBooks
54. Engineering human endogenous retrovirus-K for improving immunogenicity and broad cancer targeting
    M. D. Müller, L. Neukirch, E. Ragonnaud, A. V. Bermejo, J. Daradoumis, Victoria Jaded, E. S. Engdal, Felix Faas, M. Perez-Penco, C. Picon-Jara et al. · 2026 · Journal of Translational Medicine
55. Light on dark matter: Epigenetic drugs as a tool to reveal the hidden antigen repertoire.
    D. Romashin, O. Shlepova, E. Bogoslovskaya, G. Shipulin · 2026 · Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications - BBRC
56. Human endogenous retroviruses as immune-related prognostic biomarkers in pancreatic cancer
    P. Toma, L. Galeș, François Ghiringhelli, A. Trandafir, Raluca Ioana Budea, S. Ilie · 2026 · BMC Cancer
57. Reply to letter to editor "Clarifying exposure heterogeneity in a review of HERVs and neurodegenerative diseases".
    L. Geleta, Caitlin Doyle, F. Garton, Megan Fowler, Jillian M. Carr, P. Akkari, A. McRae, Mary-Louise Rogers, Iqbal Madakkatel, B. Benyamin · 2026 · Brain, behavior, and immunity
58. HERV-K HML-2 transcriptional profiling and splicing pattern unveiled by direct single-molecule long-read RNA sequencing
    Mariana Polychronopoulou, Eleni Kyriakou, Filiana Sotiriadou, Magda Bletsa, Gkikas Magiorkinis · 2026 · Mobile DNA
59. Human Endogenous Retroviruses and Epigenetic Regulators Are Dysregulated in Beckwith–Wiedemann Syndrome
    I. Galliano, P. Tovo, Cristina Calvi, Anna Pau, A. Clemente, P. Montanari, S. Gambarino, A. Mussa, M. Bergallo · 2026 · Current Issues in Molecular Biology
60. Burn-induced alterations in human endogenous retrovirus transcriptional activity in peripheral blood
    Maddalena Dini, Mariarosa ROMEO, Anna Pau, Stefano Gambarino, Anna Pensa, Anna Clemente, Pier-Angelo Tovo, Ilaria Galliano, Massimiliano Bergallo · 2025 · Minerva Biotechnology and Biomolecular Research
61. A study on the transcriptional characteristics of novel HERV gene in the blood of children with Kawasaki disease and its correlation with the disease
    Yan Lu, Minli Yuan, Juan Xu, Mengxu Yi, Xingyu Mo, Ying Zhu, Shanjie Wei, Peiting Yang, Cheng-Lin Zhou, Wen Zhang et al. · 2025 · Microbiology spectrum
62. Identification and characterization of functional and trans-dominant negative HERV-K (HML-2) Rec proteins encoded in the human genome
    Katarzyna Zurowska, Godfrey A. Dzhivhuho, David F. Grabski, David M. Rekosh, Marie‐Louise Hammarskjöld · 2025 · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)
63. Emerging Functions of the Repeat Genome in Nuclear Structure: A View from the Human Karyotype
    Lisa L. Hall, Kelly P. Smith, Jeanne Bentley Lawrence · 2025 · Annual Review of Genomics and Human Genetics
64. Retroviral synergy in oncogenesis via additive and cooperative protein actions and cross-reactivity of antiretroviral therapy
    Ante Tomasović · 2025 · Medical Hypotheses
65. Loss of copy numbers of retrotransposons (HERVK) on chromosome 7p11.2 impacts EGFR (Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor)‐induced phenotypes for platinum sensitivity and long‐term survival in ovarian cancer—A study from the OVCAD consortium
    Gesa Fromhage, E. Obermayr, N. Bednarz-Knoll, T. van Gorp, Eva Welsch, S. Polterauer, E. Braicu, S. Mahner, J. Sehouli, I. Vergote et al. · 2024 · International Journal of Cancer
66. The HERV-K(HML-2) Transcriptome in Non-Diseased Tissue
    Aidan Burn, Farrah Roy, Michael Freeman, John M. Coffin · 2022 · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)
67. İnsan Endojen Retrovirüslerin Kanserle Olan İlişkisinin İncelenmesi
    A. Karaman, E. Karlik · 2021 · International journal of life sciences and biotechnology
68. Exploring the Role of Human Endogenous Retroviral Gag in the Formation and Content of Extracellular Vesicles
    D. McCulloch · 2018
69. Human Endogenous Retroviruses
    Buket Çakmak Güner Nermin Gözükırmızı · 2018
70. Characteristics and Relevance of the Interaction between Staufen-1 and Rev-related retroviral Proteins
    Saeed Mostafa · 2016
71. Determination of Sequences Required for Human Endogenous Retrovirus K Transduction and Its Recognition by Foreign Retroviral Virions
    Otto W Erlwein, Nathan P. Sweeney, Raffaele de Leon, Gillian S. Wills, Mark James Robinson, Myra O. McClure · 2015 · Journal of Virology
72. Detection of DNA intermediates of the reverse transcription during the infection process of the human endogenous retrovirus-K (HML-2)
    Alexander Volkwein · 2015 · Publication server of the Robert Koch Institute (Robert Kock Institute)
73. Evolutionary History of the Proviruses HERV ‐K 113 and HERV ‐K 115
    Keith E. Garrison, Douglas F. Nixon, Satish K. Pillai, Aashish R. Jha · 2014 · Wiley eBooks
74. Modulation der Expression des Rec-Proteins von HERV-K(HML-2) in primären Zellen
    Annika Treppschuh · 2014 · Publication server of the Robert Koch Institute (Robert Kock Institute)
75. The role of human SAMHD1 in restricting porcine endogenous retroviruses (PERVs) and the innate immune response to PERV infection in human primary immune cells
    Hussein Al-Shehabi · 2020
76. Mobile Genetic Elements in Cellular Differentiation, Genome Stability, and Cancer
    Jose Luis Garcia Perez, Tammy Ann Morrish · 2018 · Frontiers research topics
77. Structural and Functional Coevolution of Human Endogenous Retroviruses with Our Genome
    Andrew Garazha, Maria Suntsova, Anton A. Buzdin · 2016 · Springer eBooks