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Noninvasive Detection of Extracellular pH in Human Benign and Malignant Liver Tumors Using CEST MRI

Tang, Yanyan, Xiao, Gang, Shen, Zhiwei, Zhuang, Caiyu, Xie, Yudan, Zhang, Xiaolei, Yang, Zhongxian, Guan, Jitian, Shen, Yuanyu, Chen, Yanzi, Lai, Lihua, Chen, Yuanfeng, Chen, Shuo, Dai, Zhuozhi, Wang, Runrun, Wu, Renhua·2020·Frontiers in Oncology
DOI 10.3389/fonc.2020.578985PMC PMC7667286
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Figure 1 Representation of regions of interest (ROIs). The T2 image shows the position of ROIs in the liver parenchyma in the tumor and tumor-adjacent normal tissue in hepatic carcinoma and hepatic hemangioma, respectively (red lines represent tumor areas, and yellow lines represent non-tumor areas). CEST, chemical exchange saturation transfer.
Figure 1 Representation of regions of interest (ROIs). The T2 image shows the position of ROIs in the liver parenchyma in the tumor and tumor-adjacent normal tissue in hepatic carcinoma and hepatic hemangioma, respectively (red lines represent tumor areas, and yellow lines represent non-tumor areas). CEST, chemical exchange saturation transfer.CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 2 Ioversol exhibits a strong CEST signal. (A) CEST map of five different pH phantoms with a flip angle of 350°. (B) Z-spectra of 50 mM ioversol at different pH values (6.0, 6.4, 6.8, 7.2, 7.6) with a flip angle of 350°. (C) MTRasym curves of 5 different pH ioversol phantoms measured with a flip angle of 350°. (D) ST% based on of different pH phantoms with different flip angles. CEST, chemical exchange saturation transfer; MTRasym, asymmetric magnetization transfer ratio; ST%, saturation transfer effect.
Figure 2 Ioversol exhibits a strong CEST signal. (A) CEST map of five different pH phantoms with a flip angle of 350°. (B) Z-spectra of 50 mM ioversol at different pH values (6.0, 6.4, 6.8, 7.2, 7.6) with a flip angle of 350°. (C) MTRasym curves of 5 different pH ioversol phantoms measured with a flip angle of 350°. (D) ST% based on of different pH phantoms with different flip angles. CEST, chemical exchange saturation transfer; MTRasym, asymmetric magnetization transfer ratio; ST%, saturation transfer effect.CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 3 (A) CEST ratio was linearly related to pH. (B) The log10 ratio of the CEST effect was linearly correlated with the pH. CEST, chemical exchange saturation transfer.
Figure 3 (A) CEST ratio was linearly related to pH. (B) The log10 ratio of the CEST effect was linearly correlated with the pH. CEST, chemical exchange saturation transfer.CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 4 Experimental pH measurements in phantoms. (A) The pH map of 50 mM ioversol at pH 6.0, 6.3, 6.6, 6.9, and 7.2, determined using ST images at flip angles of 60 and 350°. (B) pH map of ioversol at different concentrations (30, 50, 70, 90, and 110 mM), determined using ST images at flip angles of 60 and 350°. (C) The pH values determined herein correlated with the titrated pH values. (D) Mean pH values determined for several concentrations. ST, saturation transfer.
Figure 4 Experimental pH measurements in phantoms. (A) The pH map of 50 mM ioversol at pH 6.0, 6.3, 6.6, 6.9, and 7.2, determined using ST images at flip angles of 60 and 350°. (B) pH map of ioversol at different concentrations (30, 50, 70, 90, and 110 mM), determined using ST images at flip angles of 60 and 350°. (C) The pH values determined herein correlated with the titrated pH values. (D) Mean pH values determined for several concentrations. ST, saturation transfer.CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 5 pHe values of hepatic carcinoma using dual-power CEST MRI. (A) A representative image of a patient with hepatic carcinoma. (B, C) are CEST maps of hepatic carcinoma at flip angles of 60 and 350°. (D) pHe map for the tumor volume. The CEST signal for the tumor area differed from the corresponding color of the adjacent normal liver tissue, with a lower pHe value in the tumor area than in normal tissue. CEST, chemical exchange saturation transfer; pHe, extracellular pH; MRI, magnetic resonance imaging.
Figure 5 pHe values of hepatic carcinoma using dual-power CEST MRI. (A) A representative image of a patient with hepatic carcinoma. (B, C) are CEST maps of hepatic carcinoma at flip angles of 60 and 350°. (D) pHe map for the tumor volume. The CEST signal for the tumor area differed from the corresponding color of the adjacent normal liver tissue, with a lower pHe value in the tumor area than in normal tissue. CEST, chemical exchange saturation transfer; pHe, extracellular pH; MRI, magnetic resonance imaging.CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 6 pHe values of hepatic hemangioma using dual-power CEST MRI. (A) A representative image of a patient with hepatic hemangioma. CEST image after ioverol injection at flip angles of 60° (B) and 350° (C). (D) pHe map for hepatic hemangioma; the CEST pHe was consistent with the surrounding liver tissue, confirming the hemangioma to be benign.
Figure 6 pHe values of hepatic hemangioma using dual-power CEST MRI. (A) A representative image of a patient with hepatic hemangioma. CEST image after ioverol injection at flip angles of 60° (B) and 350° (C). (D) pHe map for hepatic hemangioma; the CEST pHe was consistent with the surrounding liver tissue, confirming the hemangioma to be benign.CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 7 Differences between the tumor region and tumor-adjacent normal liver tissue. (A) pH values of the two tissue regions showing a significant difference (P < 0.001, Student’s t-test) (n = 15). (B) The pH of patients with hepatic hemangioma is almost indistinguishable from that of surrounding normal liver tissue (P = 0.5587, Student’s t-test) (n = 5). No significant correlation between the pHe of hepatic carcinoma and hepatic hemangioma and tumor size was observed herein (C, D).
Figure 7 Differences between the tumor region and tumor-adjacent normal liver tissue. (A) pH values of the two tissue regions showing a significant difference (P < 0.001, Student’s t-test) (n = 15). (B) The pH of patients with hepatic hemangioma is almost indistinguishable from that of surrounding normal liver tissue (P = 0.5587, Student’s t-test) (n = 5). No significant correlation between the pHe of hepatic carcinoma and hepatic hemangioma and tumor size was observed herein (C, D).CC BY · PubMed Central

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Authors
Tang, Y., Xiao, G., Shen, Z., Zhuang, C., Xie, Y., Zhang, X., Yang, Z., Guan, J., Shen, Y., Chen, Y., Lai, L., Chen, Y., Chen, S., Dai, Z., Wang, R., & Wu, R.
Venue
Frontiers in Oncology
Publisher
Frontiers Media SA
Published
2020-11-02
Volume
10
ISSN
2234-943X
DOI
10.3389/fonc.2020.578985
PMC
PMC7667286
Cited by
56
References
1
Licence
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (vor)

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CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Noninvasive Detection of Extracellular pH in Human Benign and Malignant Liver Tumors Using CEST MRI. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.3389/fonc.2020.578985
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Tang, Y., Xiao, G., Shen, Z., Zhuang, C., Xie, Y., Zhang, X., Yang, Z., Guan, J., Shen, Y., Chen, Y., Lai, L., Chen, Y., Chen, S., Dai, Z., Wang, R., & Wu, R. (2020). Noninvasive Detection of Extracellular pH in Human Benign and Malignant Liver Tumors Using CEST MRI. Frontiers in Oncology. https://doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2020.578985