The Global Incidence, Mortality, and Burden of Breast Cancer in 2019: Correlation With Smoking, Drinking, and Drug Use
Open accessAbstract
Background: Female breast cancer (FBC) is the most common type of cancer and is associated with a considerable disease burden as well as significant mortality rates. The present study aimed to provide an update on the incidence, mortality, and burden of FBC in 2019, based on the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study. Materials: The incidence, death rate, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), years of life lost (YLLs), years lived with disability (YLDs), the age-standardized rates (ASR) of FBC in 204 countries, and a variety of classifications, were retrieved from the Global Burden of Disease Study. Data on tobacco use, alcohol consumption, and drug use were collected. The incidence, mortality, and burden of FBC were registered and compared between regions. Associations between age-standardized incidence rates and age-standardized mortality rates of FBC with smoking, drinking, and drug use were determined. Results: The highest incidence of FBC was observed in countries with a high socioeconomic status such as those of the European continent. Despite the lower incidence of FBC in countries with a low socio-demographic index (SDI), mortality rates secondary to FBC are higher in these countries than in high-income countries. The highest age-standardized mortality rate has been reported in the Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMRO), followed by the African Region (AFRO). The highest age-standardized rates of DALY and YLL per 100,000 population in 2019 were observed in lower-income countries, while the highest ASR of YLD per 100,000 population was reported in high-income countries. Conclusion: The present GBD-based study provides a comprehensive review of the incidence, mortality, and burden of FBC in 2019. The incidence of FBC is higher in regions with a higher socioeconomic status, whereas mortality rates and DALYs are higher in poorly developed regions. We suggest better screening measures and early detection programs for the latter regions.
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About 33% of breast cancer survivors feel worried about their health even after treatment.
“About 33% of breast cancer survivors feel worried about their health, even after treatment (1,2).”
From Predicting Health Anxiety Based on Intolerance of Uncertainty: Investigating the Mediating Role of Cognitive Flexibility and Cyberchondria in Breast Cancer Survivors (2023) · cites this paper as [1]
The Introduction reports breast cancer incidence and the number of women living after a diagnosis; the Discussion addresses mortality and treatment access. Searches for survivors’ health worries after treatment and the 33% figure found no passage addressing either point in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.76)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredA diagnosis of breast cancer can be a life-changing and stressful experience, and the psychological problems of breast cancer survivors cannot be ignored.
“A diagnosis of breast cancer can be a lifechanging and stressful experience; therefore, the psychological problems of breast cancer survivors cannot be ignored. (1)”
From Effectiveness of Mindfulness Training in Emotion Regulation and Distress Tolerance among Breast Cancer Patients (2024) · cites this paper as [1]
The Introduction and Discussion address breast-cancer incidence, mortality, disease burden, and access to care, but do not discuss the stress of diagnosis or survivors’ psychological problems. Searches for psychological distress, mental health, and stressful diagnosis found no passage addressing the claim. (LLM, conf=0.75)
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References 49 · Cited by 64
- Authors
- Allahqoli, L., Mazidimoradi, A., Momenimovahed, Z., Rahmani, A., Hakimi, S., Tiznobaik, A., Gharacheh, M., Salehiniya, H., Babaey, F., & Alkatout, I.
- Affiliations
- Ministry of Health and Medical Education (IR)
- Shiraz University of Medical Sciences (IR)
- Qom University of Medical Science and Health Services (IR)
- Tehran University of Medical Sciences (IR)
- Tabriz University of Medical Sciences (IR)
- Hamedan University of Medical Sciences (IR)
- Iran University of Medical Sciences (IR)
- Birjand University of Medical Sciences (IR)
- ORCID
- Venue
- Frontiers in Oncology
- Publisher
- Frontiers Media SA
- Published
- 2022-07-27
- Volume
- 12
- Pages
- 921015-921015
- ISSN
- 2234-943X (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC9363894
- OpenAlex
- W4288033892
- Cited by
- 64
- References
- 49
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 20 · 2024: 17 · 2023: 22 · 2022: 3
- FWCI
- 6.49
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Frontiers in Oncology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Multimedialen Archiv und Publikationsserver der Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel (Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Global Cancer Incidence and Screening
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer Risks and Factors
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Women's cancer prevention and management
- Keywords
- breast cancer, incidence, mortality, disease burden, disability-adjusted life years, years of life lost, years lived with disability, socioeconomic status, tobacco use, alcohol consumption, drug use, global burden of disease, regional disparities, cancer screening
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