CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 203Polysaccharides and Plant Cell WallsPolysaccharides Composition and ApplicationsMedicinal Plant Research

Anti-cancer activities of pH- or heat-modified pectin

Open access
Leclere, Lionel, Cutsem, Pierre Van, Michiels, Carine·2013·Frontiers in Pharmacology
DOI 10.3389/fphar.2013.00128PMC PMC3792700
Open this paper in CoChat — free accountOpen PDF

Abstract

Despite enormous efforts that have been made in the search for novel drugs and treatments, cancer continues to be a major public health problem. Moreover, the emergence of resistance to cancer chemotherapy often prevents complete remission. Researchers have thus turned to natural products mainly from plant origin to circumvent resistance. Pectin and pH- or heat-modified pectin have demonstrated chemopreventive and antitumoral activities against some aggressive and recurrent cancers. The focus of this review is to describe how pectin and modified pectin display these activities and what are the possible underlying mechanisms. The failure of conventional chemotherapy to reduce mortality as well as serious side effects make natural products, such as pectin-derived products, ideal candidates for exerting synergism in combination with conventional anticancer drugs.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.3389/fphar.2013.00128

Cites

1 of 1 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Research works printed but not linked: 74

  1. Atmodjo M. A. Hao Z. Mohnen D. (2013). Evolving views of pectin biosynthesis. Annu. Rev. Plant Biol. 64 747– 779 10.1146/annurev-arplant-042811-105534 23451775 · DOI · Paper page
  2. Attari F. Sepehri H. Delphi L. Goliaei B. (2009). Apoptotic and necrotic effects of pectic acid on rat pituitary GH3/B6 tumor cells. Iran Biomed J. 13 229– 236 19946349
  3. Avivi-Green C. Madar Z. Schwartz B. (2000a). Pectin-enriched diet affects distribution and expression of apoptosis-cascade proteins in colonic crypts of dimethylhydrazine-treated rats. Int. J Mol Med. 6 689– 98 11078830
  4. Avivi-Green C. Polak-Charcon S. Madar Z. Schwartz B. (2000b). Apoptosis cascade proteins are regulated in vivo by high intracolonic butyrate concentration: correlation with colon cancer inhibition. Oncol. Res. 12 83– 95 10.3727/096504001108747558 11132927 · DOI
  5. Avivi-Green C. Polak-Charcon S. Madar Z. Schwartz B. (2000c). Dietary regulation and localization of apoptosis cascade proteins in the colonic crypt. J. Cell. Biochem. 77 18– 29 10.1002/(SICI)1097-4644(20000401)77:1<18::AID-JCB3>3.0.CO;2-1 10679813 · DOI
  6. Brown L. Rosner B. Willett W. W. Sacks F. M. (1999). Cholesterol-lowering effects of dietary fiber: a meta-analysis. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 69 30– 42 9925120
  7. Caffall K. H. Mohnen D. (2009). The structure, function, and biosynthesis of plant cell wall pectic polysaccharides. Carbohydr. Res. 344 1879– 1900 10.1016/j.carres.2009.05.021 19616198 · DOI · Paper page
  8. Cao Y. Gao X. Zhang W. Zhang G. Nguyen A. K. Liu X. (2011). Dietary fiber enhances TGF-beta signaling and growth inhibition in the gut. Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol. 301 G156– G164 10.1152/ajpgi.00362.2010 21454444 PMC3129933 · DOI
  9. Chandran S. Praveen G. Snima K. S. Nair S. V. Pavithran K. Chennazhi K. (2013). Potential use of drug loaded nano composite pectin scaffolds for the treatment of ovarian cancer. Curr. Drug Deliv. 10 326– 335 10.2174/1567201811310030009 23294467 · DOI
  10. Chauhan D. Li G. Podar K. Hideshima T. Neri P. He D. (2005). A novel carbohydrate-based therapeutic GCS-100 overcomes bortezomib resistance and enhances dexamethasone-induced apoptosis in multiple myeloma cells. Cancer Res. 65 8350– 8358 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-05-0163 16166312 · DOI
  11. Chen C. H. Sheu M. T. Chen T. F. Wang Y. C. Hou W. C. Liu D. Z. (2006). Suppression of endotoxin-induced proinflammatory responses by citrus pectin through blocking LPS signaling pathways. Biochem. Pharmacol. 72 1001– 1009 10.1016/j.bcp.2006.07.001 16930561 · DOI
  12. Cheng H. Li S. Fan Y. Gao X. Hao M. Wang J. (2011). Comparative studies of the antiproliferative effects of ginseng polysaccharides on HT-29 human colon cancer cells. Med. Oncol. 28 175– 181 10.1007/s12032-010-9449-8 20165990 · DOI
  13. Cheng H. Zhang Z. Leng J. Liu D. Hao M. Gao X. (2013). The inhibitory effects and mechanisms of rhamnogalacturonan I pectin from potato on HT-29 colon cancer cell proliferation and cell cycle progression. Int. J. Food Sci. Nutr. 64 36– 43 10.3109/09637486.2012.694853 22694196 · DOI
  14. Chittasupho C. Jaturanpinyo M. Mangmool S. (2013). Pectin nanoparticle enhances cytotoxicity of methotrexate against hepG2 cells. Drug Deliv. 20 1– 9 10.3109/10717544.2012.739214 23216416 · DOI
  15. Cho Y. Kim H. Turner N. D. Mann J. C. Wei J. Taddeo S. S. (2011). A chemoprotective fish oil- and pectin-containing diet temporally alters gene expression profiles in exfoliated rat colonocytes throughout oncogenesis. J. Nutr. 141 1029– 1035 10.3945/jn.110.134973 21508209 PMC3095137 · DOI
  16. Cho Y. Turner N. D. Davidson L. A. Chapkin R. S. Carroll R. J. Lupton J. R. (2012). A chemoprotective fish oil/pectin diet enhances apoptosis via Bcl-2 promoter methylation in rat azoxymethane-induced carcinomas. Exp. Biol. Med. (Maywood) 237 1387– 1393 10.1258/ebm.2012.012244 23354397 PMC3999967 · DOI
  17. Choi H. S. Kim K. H. Sohn E. Park J. D. Kim B. O. Moon E. Y. (2008). Red ginseng acidic polysaccharide (RGAP) in combination with IFN-gamma results in enhanced macrophage function through activation of the NF-kappaB pathway. Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem. 72 1817– 1825 10.1271/bbb.80085 18603775 · DOI
  18. Chourasia M. K. Jain S. K. (2003). Pharmaceutical approaches to colon targeted drug delivery systems. J. Pharm. Pharm. Sci. 6 33– 66 12753729
  19. Davidson L. A. Wang N. Shah M. S. Lupton J. R. Ivanov I. Chapkin R. S. (2009). n-3 Polyunsaturated fatty acids modulate carcinogen-directed non-coding microRNA signatures in rat colon. Carcinogenesis 30 2077– 2084 10.1093/carcin/bgp245 19825969 PMC2792315 · DOI
  20. Dev R. K. Bali V. Pathak K. (2011). Novel microbially triggered colon specific delivery system of 5-fluorouracil: statistical optimization, in vitro, in vivo, cytotoxic and stability assessment. Int. J. Pharm. 411 142– 151 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2011.03.057 21463667 · DOI
  21. Eliaz I. Hotchkiss A. T. Fishman M. L. Rode D. (2006). The effect of modified citrus pectin on urinary excretion of toxic elements. Phytother. Res. 20 859– 864 10.1002/ptr.1953 16835878 · DOI
  22. Elyagoby A. Layas N. Wong T. W. (2013). Colon-specific delivery of 5-fluorouracil from zinc pectinate pellets through in situ intracapsular ethylcellulose-pectin plug formation. J. Pharm. Sci. 102 604– 616 10.1002/jps.23388 23225084 · DOI
  23. Gao X. Zhi Y. Zhang T. Xue H. Wang X. Foday A. D. (2012). Analysis of the neutral polysaccharide fraction of MCP and its inhibitory activity on galectin-3. Glycoconj. J. 29 159– 165 10.1007/s10719-012-9382-5 22562786 · DOI
  24. Glinsky V. V. Kiriakova G. Glinskii O. V. Mossine V. V. Mawhinney T. P. Turk J. R. (2009). Synthetic galectin-3 inhibitor increases metastatic cancer cell sensitivity to taxol-induced apoptosis in vitro and in vivo. Neoplasia 11 901– 909 19724684 PMC2735801
  25. Glinsky V. V. Raz A. (2009). Modified citrus pectin anti-metastatic properties: one bullet, multiple targets. Carbohydr. Res. 344 1788– 1791 10.1016/j.carres.2008.08.038 19061992 PMC2782490 · DOI
  26. Guess B. W. Scholz M. C. Strum S. B. Lam R. Y. Johnson H. J. Jennrich R. I. (2003). Modified citrus pectin (MCP) increases the prostate-specific antigen doubling time in men with prostate cancer: a phase II pilot study. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis. 6 301– 304 10.1038/sj.pcan.4500679 14663471 · DOI
  27. Gunning A. P. Bongaerts R. J. Morris V. J. (2009). Recognition of galactan components of pectin by galectin-3. FASEB J. 23 415– 424 10.1096/fj.08-106617 18832596 · DOI
  28. Gunning A. P. Pin C Morris V. J. (2013). Galectin 3-beta-galactobiose interactions. Carbohydr. Polym. 92 529– 533 10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.08.104 23218331 · DOI
  29. Harholt J. Suttangkakul A Vibe Scheller H. (2010). Biosynthesis of pectin. Plant Physiol. 153 384– 395 10.1104/pp.110.156588 20427466 PMC2879803 · DOI
  30. Hayashi A. Gillen A. C. Lott J. R. (2000). Effects of daily oral administration of quercetin chalcone and modified citrus pectin on implanted colon-25 tumor growth in Balb-c mice. Altern. Med. Rev. 5 546– 552 11134977
  31. Heitman D. W. Hardman W. E. Cameron I. L. (1992). Dietary supplementation with pectin and guar gum on 1,2-dimethylhydrazine-induced colon carcinogenesis in rats. Carcinogenesis 13 815– 818 10.1093/carcin/13.5.815 1316814 · DOI
  32. Hensel A. Meier K. (1999). Pectins and xyloglucans exhibit antimutagenic activities against nitroaromatic compounds. Planta Med. 65 395– 399 10.1055/s-1999-14013 10418322 · DOI
  33. Hsieh T. C. Wu J. M. (1995). Changes in cell growth, cyclin/kinase, endogenous phosphoproteins and nm23 gene expression in human prostatic JCA-1 cells treated with modified citrus pectin. Biochem. Mol. Biol. Int. 37 833– 841 8624488
  34. Inohara H. Raz A. (1994). Effects of natural complex carbohydrate (citrus pectin) on murine melanoma cell properties related to galectin-3 functions. Glycoconj. J. 11 527– 532 10.1007/BF00731303 7696855 · DOI
  35. Jackson C. L. Dreaden T. M. Theobald L. K. Tran N. M. Beal T. L. Eid M. (2007). Pectin induces apoptosis in human prostate cancer cells: correlation of apoptotic function with pectin structure. Glycobiology 17 805– 819 10.1093/glycob/cwm054 17513886 · DOI
  36. Jiang J. Eliaz I. Sliva D. (2013). Synergistic and additive effects of modified citrus pectin with two polybotanical compounds, in the suppression of invasive behavior of human breast and prostate cancer cells. Integr. Cancer Ther. 12 145– 152 10.1177/1534735412442369 22532035 · DOI
  37. Johnson K. D. Glinskii O. V. Mossine V. V. Turk J. R. Mawhinney T. P. Anthony D. C. (2007). Galectin-3 as a potential therapeutic target in tumors arising from malignant endothelia. Neoplasia 9 662– 670 10.1593/neo.07433 17786185 PMC1950436 · DOI
  38. Kang H. J. Jo C. Kwon J. H. Son J. H. An B. J. Byun M. W. (2006). Antioxidant and cancer cell proliferation inhibition effect of citrus pectin-oligosaccharide prepared by irradiation. J. Med. Food 9 313– 320 10.1089/jmf.2006.9.313 17004892 · DOI
  39. Kanthamneni N. Chaudhary A. Wang J. Prabhu S. (2010). Nanoparticulate delivery of novel drug combination regimens for the chemoprevention of colon cancer. Int. J. Oncol. 37 177– 185 20514409 PMC2901928
  40. Kolar S. Barhoumi R. Jones C. K. Wesley J. Lupton J. R. Fan Y. Y. (2011). Interactive effects of fatty acid and butyrate-induced mitochondrial Ca(2)(+) loading and apoptosis in colonocytes. Cancer 117 5294– 5303 10.1002/cncr.26205 21563175 PMC3156959 · DOI
  41. Kolar S. S. Barhoumi R. Callaway E. S. Fan Y. Y. Wang N. Lupton J. R. (2007). Synergy between docosahexaenoic acid and butyrate elicits p53-independent apoptosis via mitochondrial Ca(2+) accumulation in colonocytes. Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol. 293 G935– G943 10.1152/ajpgi.00312.2007 17717041 PMC4669682 · DOI
  42. Lattimer J. M. Haub M. D. (2010). Effects of dietary fiber and its components on metabolic health. Nutrients 2 1266– 1289 10.3390/nu2121266 22254008 PMC3257631 · DOI · Paper page
  43. Lawaetz O. Blackburn A. M. Bloom S. R. Aritas Y. Ralphs D. N. (1983). Effect of pectin on gastric emptying and gut hormone release in the dumping syndrome. Scand. J. Gastroenterol. 18 327– 336 10.3109/00365528309181602 6369514 · DOI
  44. Liners F. Letesson J. J. Didembourg C Van Cutsem P. (1989). Monoclonal antibodies against pectin: recognition of a conformation induced by calcium. Plant Physiol. 91 1419– 1424 10.1104/pp.91.4.1419 16667195 PMC1062200 · DOI
  45. Liu H. Y. Huang Z. L. Yang G. H. Lu W. Q. Yu N. R. (2008). Inhibitory effect of modified citrus pectin on liver metastases in a mouse colon cancer model. World J. Gastroenterol. 14 7386– 7391 10.3748/wjg.14.7386 19109874 PMC2778124 · DOI
  46. Liu L. Li Y. H. Niu Y. B. Sun Y. Guo Z. J. Li Q. (2010). An apple oligogalactan prevents against inflammation and carcinogenesis by targeting LPS/TLR4/NF-kappaB pathway in a mouse model of colitis-associated colon cancer. Carcinogenesis 31 1822– 1832 10.1093/carcin/bgq070 20400476 · DOI
  47. Maxwell E. G. Belsham N. J. Waldron K. W. Morris V. J. (2012). Pectin - an emerging new bioactive food polysaccharide. Trends Food Sci. Technol. 24 64– 73 10.1016/j.tifs.2011.11.002 · DOI
  48. Mohnen D. (2008). Pectin structure and biosynthesis. Curr. Opin. Plant Biol. 11 266– 277 10.1016/j.pbi.2008.03.006 18486536 · DOI · Paper page
  49. Nangia-Makker P. Hogan V. Honjo Y. Baccarini S. Tait L. Bresalier R. (2002). Inhibition of human cancer cell growth and metastasis in nude mice by oral intake of modified citrus pectin. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 94 1854– 1862 10.1093/jnci/94.24.1854 12488479 · DOI
  50. Nesterenko V. B. Nesterenko A. V. Babenko V. I. Yerkovich T. V. Babenko I. V. (2004). Reducing the 137Cs-load in the organism of “Chernobyl” children with apple-pectin. Swiss Med. Wkly. 134 24– 27 14745664
  51. Newlaczyl A. U. Yu L. G. (2011). Galectin-3 – a jack-of-all-trades in cancer. Cancer Lett. 313 123– 128 10.1016/j.canlet.2011.09.003 21974805 · DOI
  52. O’Brien S. Kay N. E. (2011). Maintenance therapy for B-chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Clin. Adv. Hematol. Oncol. 9 22– 31 21326143
  53. Ohkami H. Tazawa K. Yamashita I. Shimizu T. Murai K. Kobashi K. (1995). Effects of apple pectin on fecal bacterial enzymes in azoxymethane-induced rat colon carcinogenesis. Jpn. J. Cancer Res. 86 523– 529 10.1111/j.1349-7006.1995.tb02429.x 7622415 PMC5920877 · DOI
  54. Olano-Martin E. Gibson G. R. Rastell R. A. (2002). Comparison of the in vitro bifidogenic properties of pectins and pectic-oligosaccharides. J. Appl. Microbiol. 93 505– 511 10.1046/j.1365-2672.2002.01719.x 12174051 · DOI
  55. Olano-Martin E. Rimbach G. H. Gibson G. R. Rastall R. A. (2003). Pectin and pectic-oligosaccharides induce apoptosis in in vitro human colonic adenocarcinoma cells. Anticancer Res. 23 341– 346 12680234
  56. Patel M. Shah T. Amin A. (2007). Therapeutic opportunities in colon-specific drug-delivery systems. Crit. Rev. Ther. Drug Carrier Syst. 24 147– 202 10.1615/CritRevTherDrugCarrierSyst.v24.i2.20 17725524 · DOI
  57. Pienta K. J. Naik H. Akhtar A. Yamazaki K. Replogle T. S. Lehr J. (1995). Inhibition of spontaneous metastasis in a rat prostate cancer model by oral administration of modified citrus pectin. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 87 348– 353 10.1093/jnci/87.5.348 7853416 · DOI
  58. Platt D. Raz A. (1992). Modulation of the lung colonization of B16-F1 melanoma cells by citrus pectin. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 84 438– 442 10.1093/jnci/84.6.438 1538421 · DOI
  59. Puga A. M. Lima A. C. Mano J. F. Concheiro A. Alvarez-Lorenzo C. (2013). Pectin-coated chitosan microgels crosslinked on superhydrophobic surfaces for 5-fluorouracil encapsulation. Carbohydr. Polym. 98 331– 340 10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.05.091 23987352 · DOI
  60. Ramachandran C. Wilk B. J. Hotchkiss A. Chau H. Eliaz I. Melnick S. J. (2011). Activation of human T-helper/inducer cell, T-cytotoxic cell, B-cell, and natural killer (NK)-cells and induction of natural killer cell activity against K562 chronic myeloid leukemia cells with modified citrus pectin. BMC Complement. Altern. Med. 11: 59 10.1186/1472-6882-11-59 PMC3161912 21816083 · DOI
  61. Rebucci M. Michiels C. (2013). Molecular aspects of cancer cell resistance to chemotherapy. Biochem. Pharmacol. 85 1219– 1226 10.1016/j.bcp.2013.02.017 23435357 · DOI
  62. Sathisha U. V. Jayaram S. Harish Nayaka M. A. Dharmesh S. M. (2007). Inhibition of galectin-3 mediated cellular interactions by pectic polysaccharides from dietary sources. Glycoconj. J. 24 497– 507 10.1007/s10719-007-9042-3 17525829 · DOI
  63. Shah M. S. Schwartz S. L. Zhao C. Davidson L. A. Zhou B. Lupton J. R. (2011). Integrated microRNA and mRNA expression profiling in a rat colon carcinogenesis model: effect of a chemo-protective diet. Physiol. Genomics 43 640– 654 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00213.2010 21406606 PMC3110886 · DOI
  64. Shin H. J. Kim Y. S. Kwak Y. S. Song Y. B. Kim Y. S. Park J. D. (2004). Enhancement of antitumor effects of paclitaxel (taxol) in combination with red ginseng acidic polysaccharide (RGAP). Planta Med. 70 1033– 1038 10.1055/s-2004-832643 15549658 · DOI
  65. Srivastava R. Kumar D. Pathak K. (2012). Colonic luminal surface retention of meloxicam microsponges delivered by erosion based colon-targeted matrix tablet. Int. J. Pharm. 427 153– 162 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2012.01.036 22306039 · DOI
  66. Takei T. Sato M. Ijima H. Kawakami K. (2010). In situ gellable oxidized citrus pectin for localized delivery of anticancer drugs and prevention of homotypic cancer cell aggregation. Biomacromolecules 11 3525– 3530 10.1021/bm1010068 21028797 · DOI
  67. Takei T. Sugihara K. Yoshida M. Kawakami K. (2013). Injectable and biodegradable sugar beet pectin/gelatin hydrogels for biomedical applications. J. Biomater. Sci. Polym. Ed. 24 1333– 1342 10.1080/09205063.2012.757727 23796034 · DOI
  68. Vayssade M. Sengkhamparn N. Verhoef R. Delaigue C. Goundiam O. Vigneron P. (2010). Antiproliferative and proapoptotic actions of okra pectin on B16F10 melanoma cells. Phytother. Res. 24 982– 989 10.1002/ptr.3040 20013817 · DOI
  69. Wang Y. Nangia-Makker P. Balan V. Hogan V. Raz A. (2010). Calpain activation through galectin-3 inhibition sensitizes prostate cancer cells to cisplatin treatment. Cell Death Dis. 1 e101 10.1038/cddis.2010.79 PMC3032324 21368866 · DOI
  70. Watanabe K. Reddy B. S. Weisburger J. H. Kritchevsky D. (1979). Effect of dietary alfalfa, pectin, and wheat bran on azoxymethane-or methylnitrosourea-induced colon carcinogenesis in F344 rats. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 63 141– 145 286824
  71. Wong T. W. Colombo G. Sonvico F. (2011). Pectin matrix as oral drug delivery vehicle for colon cancer treatment. AAPS PharmSciTech 12 201– 214 10.1208/s12249-010-9564-z 21194013 PMC3066368 · DOI · Paper page
  72. Xu C. Zhang J. S. Mo Y. Tan R. X. (2005). Calcium pectinate capsules for colon-specific drug delivery. Drug Dev. Ind. Pharm. 31 127– 134 10.1081/DDC-200046990 15773280 · DOI
  73. Yan J. Katz A. (2010). PectaSol-C modified citrus pectin induces apoptosis and inhibition of proliferation in human and mouse androgen-dependent and- independent prostate cancer cells. Integr. Cancer Ther. 9 197– 203 10.1177/1534735410369672 20462856 · DOI
  74. Zhang L. Cao F. Ding B. Li Q. Xi Y. Zhai G. (2011). Eudragit(R) S100 coated calcium pectinate microspheres of curcumin for colon targeting. J. Microencapsul. 28 659– 667 10.3109/02652048.2011.604436 21824069 · DOI

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Leclere, L., Cutsem, P. V., & Michiels, C.
Affiliations
University of Namur (BE)
Corresponding author
Michiels, Carine
ORCID
Venue
Frontiers in Pharmacology
Publisher
Frontiers Media SA
Published
2013
Volume
4
Pages
128-128
ISSN
1663-9812 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.3389/fphar.2013.00128
PMC
PMC3792700
OpenAlex
W2123505824
Cited by
203
References
1
Citations by year
2026: 8 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 22 · 2022: 22 · 2021: 21 · 2020: 31 · 2019: 20 · 2018: 16 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 1
FWCI
1.00
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
cc-by
Locations
  • Frontiers in Pharmacology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Repository of the University of Namur (publishedVersion, other-oa)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Funders
  • Fonds De La Recherche Scientifique - FNRS
  • Fonds pour la Formation à la Recherche dans l’Industrie et dans l’Agriculture
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Polysaccharides and Plant Cell Walls
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Polysaccharides Composition and Applications
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Medicinal Plant Research
Keywords
pectin, anticancer activity, chemoprevention, cancer chemotherapy resistance, natural products, anticancer mechanism

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review