CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 7Retinal Diseases and TreatmentsOphthalmology and Visual Impairment StudiesRetinal Imaging and Analysis

Assessment of macular structures and vascular characteristics in highly myopic anisometropia using swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography

Open access
Wang, Xin, Chen, Yanhui, Wang, Zhiyang, Li, Haoru, He, Qing, Rong, Hua, Wei, Ruihua·2022·Frontiers in Physiology
DOI 10.3389/fphys.2022.918393PMC PMC9421159
Open this paper in CoChat — free accountOpen PDF

Abstract

Purpose: This study aimed to explore the macular structures and vascular characteristics of more myopic (MM) and contralateral eyes with highly myopic anisometropia. Methods: Comprehensive ophthalmic examinations were performed for 33 patients with highly myopic anisometropia. Macular structures (total retinal layer [TRL], ganglion cell and inner plexiform layer [GCIPL], inner nuclear layer [INL], outer retinal layer [ORL], nerve fiber layer [NFL], choroidal layer [CHL]) and vascular characteristics (superficial vascular complex density [SVD], deep vascular complex density [DVD], choriocapillaris perfusion area [CCPA]) were assessed using swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) and OCT angiography (OCTA). Macular structures and vascular characteristics of each subregion were compared to those of the Early Treatment of Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS). Results: With highly myopic anisometropia, the thicknesses of the TRL, GCIPL, INL, and ORL in MM eyes were smaller than those in contralateral eyes in at least one quadrant of the perifoveal and parafoveal circles (all p < 0.05), with no changes in the foveal and temporal quadrants of perifoveal regions (all p > 0.05). A thicker NFL (p = 0.018) was found in MM eyes than in contralateral eyes in the superior perifoveal quadrant. The CHL (all p < 0.05) in MM eyes was thinner in all regions than in the contralateral eyes according to the ETDRS. There were no statistical differences in the SVD, DVD, and CCPA of MM and contralateral eyes (all p > 0.05). Conclusion: All retinal layers, except the NFL, tended to be thinner in all subregions, except the temporal perifoveal and foveal quadrants in MM eyes, and choroidal thickness was thinned in all areas.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.3389/fphys.2022.918393

Cites

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Cites

No references could be resolved yet.

Research works printed but not linked: 45

  1. Abbott C. J. Grunert U. Pianta M. J. McBrien N. A. (2011). Retinal thinning in tree shrews with induced high myopia: Optical coherence tomography and histological assessment. Vis. Res. 51 (3), 376– 385. 10.1016/j.visres.2010.12.005 21156186 · DOI
  2. Afsari S. Rose K. A. Gole G. A. Philip K. Leone J. F. French A. (2013). Prevalence of anisometropia and its association with refractive error and amblyopia in preschool children. Br. J. Ophthalmol. 97 (9), 1095– 1099. 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2012-302637 23613508 · DOI
  3. Breher K. Ohlendorf A. Wahl S. (2020). Myopia induces meridional growth asymmetry of the retina: A pilot study using wide-field swept-source OCT. Sci. Rep. 10 (1), 10886. 10.1038/s41598-020-67940-4 32616797 PMC7331682 · DOI
  4. Dastiridou A. I. Bousquet E. Kuehlewein L. Tepelus T. Monnet D. Salah S. (2017). Choroidal imaging with swept-source optical coherence tomography in patients with birdshot Chorioretinopathy: Choroidal Reflectivity and thickness. Ophthalmology 124 (8), 1186– 1195. 10.1016/j.ophtha.2017.03.047 28456419 · DOI
  5. Del-Prado-Sanchez C. Seijas-Leal O. Gili-Manzanaro P. Ferreiro-Lopez J. Yanguela-Rodilla J. Arias-Puente A. (2021). Choroidal, macular and ganglion cell layer thickness assessment in Caucasian children measured with spectral domain optical coherence tomography. Eur. J. Ophthalmol. 31 (6), 3372– 3378. 10.1177/1120672120965486 33092392 · DOI
  6. El-Shazly A. A. Farweez Y. A. ElSebaay M. E. El-Zawahry W. M. A. (2017). Correlation between choroidal thickness and degree of myopia assessed with enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography. Eur. J. Ophthalmol. 27 (5), 577– 584. 10.5301/ejo.5000936 28362057 · DOI
  7. Fan H. Chen H. Ma H. Chang Z. Yin H. Ng D. (2017). Reduced macular vascular density in myopic eyes. Chin. Med. J. 130 (4), 445– 451. 10.4103/0366-6999.199844 28218219 PMC5324382 · DOI
  8. Flores-Moreno I. Ruiz-Medrano J. Duker J. S. Ruiz-Moreno J. M. (2013). The relationship between retinal and choroidal thickness and visual acuity in highly myopic eyes. Br. J. Ophthalmol. 97 (8), 1010– 1013. 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2012-302836 23766433 · DOI
  9. Fontaine M. Gaucher D. Sauer A. Speeg-Schatz C. (2017). Choroidal thickness and Ametropia in children: A longitudinal study. Eur. J. Ophthalmol. 27 (6), 730– 734. 10.5301/ejo.5000965 28604984 · DOI
  10. Holden B. A. Fricke T. R. Wilson D. A. Jong M. Naidoo K. S. Sankaridurg P. (2016). Global prevalence of myopia and high myopia and temporal Trends from 2000 through 2050. Ophthalmology 123 (5), 1036– 1042. 10.1016/j.ophtha.2016.01.006 26875007 · DOI
  11. Ikuno Y. Tano Y. (2009). Retinal and choroidal biometry in highly myopic eyes with spectral-domain optical coherence tomography. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 50 (8), 3876– 3880. 10.1167/iovs.08-3325 19279309 · DOI
  12. Jiang Y. Lou S. Li Y. Chen Y. Lu T. C. (2021). High myopia and macular vascular density: An optical coherence tomography angiography study. BMC Ophthalmol. 21 (1), 407. 10.1186/s12886-021-02156-2 34836532 PMC8626942 · DOI
  13. Jin P. Zou H. Xu X. Chang T. Zhu J. Deng J. (2019). Longitudinal changes in choroidal and retinal thicknesses in children with myopic Shift. Retina, 39, 1091– 1099. 10.1097/iae.0000000000002090 29517579 PMC6553975 · DOI
  14. Jin P. Zou H. Zhu J. Xu X. Jin J. Chang T. C. (2016). Choroidal and retinal thickness in children with different refractive status measured by swept-source optical coherence tomography. Am. J. Ophthalmol. 168, 164– 176. 10.1016/j.ajo.2016.05.008 27189931 · DOI
  15. Jonas J. B. Xu L. Wei W. B. Pan Z. Yang H. Holbach L. (2016). Retinal thickness and axial length. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 57 (4), 1791– 1797. 10.1167/iovs.15-18529 27074383 · DOI
  16. Kirik F. Ekinci C. Akbulut E. Bayraktar H. Ozdemir H. (2021). Regional analysis of segmented-macular structure in patients with myopic anisometropia. Int. Ophthalmol. 41, 3713– 3726. 10.1007/s10792-021-01934-7 34185229 · DOI
  17. Lee J. Shields M. (2010). Horizontal deviation of retinal nerve fiber layer peak thickness with stratus optical coherence tomography in glaucoma patients and glaucoma suspects. J. Glaucoma 19 (5), 299– 303. 10.1097/IJG.0b013e3181a990d0 19528819 · DOI
  18. Lee K. M. Choung H. K. Kim M. Oh S. Kim S. H. (2018). Positional change of optic nerve Head vasculature during axial elongation as Evidence of Lamina Cribrosa Shifting: Boramae myopia cohort study Report 2. Ophthalmology 125 (8), 1224– 1233. 10.1016/j.ophtha.2018.02.002 29544962 · DOI
  19. Lee K. M. Park S-W. Kim M. Oh S. Kim S. H. (2021). Relationship between three-dimensional Magnetic Resonance imaging Eyeball shape and optic nerve Head morphology. Ophthalmology 128 (4), 532– 544. 10.1016/j.ophtha.2020.08.034 32916169 · DOI
  20. Lee M. W. Nam K. Y. Park H. J. Lim H. B. Kim J. Y. (2020). Longitudinal changes in the ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer thickness in high myopia: A prospective observational study. Br. J. Ophthalmol. 104 (5), 604– 609. 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2019-314537 31401557 · DOI
  21. Lim M. C. Hoh S. T. Foster P. J. Lim T. H. Chew S. J. Seah S. K. (2005). Use of optical coherence tomography to assess variations in macular retinal thickness in myopia. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 46 (3), 974– 978. 10.1167/iovs.04-0828 15728555 · DOI
  22. Liu X. Shen M. Yuan Y. Huang S. Zhu D. Ma Q. (2015). Macular thickness Profiles of intraretinal layers in myopia evaluated by Ultrahigh-Resolution optical coherence tomography. Am. J. Ophthalmol. 160 (1), 53– 61. e52. 10.1016/j.ajo.2015.03.012 25800454 · DOI
  23. Lu B. Wang Y. Zhang P. Liu Y. Jia H. Wang F. (2021). Evaluation of the association of macular ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer thickness and myopia in Chinese young adults. Eye (Lond) 35 (2), 393– 399. 10.1038/s41433-020-0847-7 32291406 PMC8026982 · DOI
  24. Mo J. Duan A. Chan S. Wang X. Wei W. (2017). Vascular flow density in pathological myopia: An optical coherence tomography angiography study. BMJ Open 7 (2), e013571. 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-013571 PMC5294002 28159853 · DOI
  25. Moon J. Y. Garg I. Cui Y. Katz R. Zhu Y. Le R. (2021). Wide-field swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography in the assessment of retinal microvasculature and choroidal thickness in patients with myopia. Br. J. Ophthalmol., 319540. 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2021-319540 34385166 · DOI
  26. Naidoo K. S. Fricke T. R. Frick K. D. Jong M. Naduvilath T. J. Resnikoff S. (2019). Potential Lost Productivity resulting from the global burden of myopia: Systematic review, meta-analysis, and modeling. Ophthalmology 126 (3), 338– 346. 10.1016/j.ophtha.2018.10.029 30342076 · DOI
  27. O'Donoghue L. McClelland J. F. Logan N. S. Rudnicka A. R. Owen C. G. Saunders K. J. (2013). Profile of anisometropia and aniso-astigmatism in children: Prevalence and association with age, ocular biometric measures, and refractive status. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 54 (1), 602– 608. 10.1167/iovs.12-11066 23233258 · DOI
  28. Ohno-Matsui K. Jonas J. (2019). Posterior staphyloma in pathologic myopia. Prog. Retin. Eye Res. 70, 99– 109. 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2018.12.001 30537538 · DOI
  29. Panda-Jonas S. Holbach L. Jonas J. B. (2021). Choriocapillaris thickness and density in axially elongated eyes. Acta Ophthalmol. 99 (1), 104– 110. 10.1111/aos.14486 32562378 · DOI
  30. Pang C. Sarraf D. Freund K. (2015). Extreme choroidal thinning in high myopia. Retina, 35. 407– 415. 10.1097/iae.0000000000000368 25313711 · DOI
  31. Parolini B. Palmieri M. Finzi A. Besozzi G. Lucente A. Nava U. (2021). The new myopic traction maculopathy Staging system. Eur. J. Ophthalmol. 31 (3), 1299– 1312. 10.1177/1120672120930590 32506945 · DOI
  32. Salehi M. A. Nowroozi A. Gouravani M. Mohammadi S. Arevalo J. F. (2022). Associations of refractive errors and retinal changes measured by optical coherence tomography: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Surv. Ophthalmol. 67 (2), 591– 607. 10.1016/j.survophthal.2021.07.007 34343537 · DOI · Paper page
  33. Sayanagi K. Ikuno Y. Uematsu S. Nishida K. (2017). Features of the choriocapillaris in myopic maculopathy identified by optical coherence tomography angiography. Br. J. Ophthalmol. 101 (11), 1524– 1529. 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2016-309628 28314832 · DOI
  34. Seo S. Lee C. E. Jeong J. H. Park K. H. Kim D. M. Jeoung J. W. (2017). Ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer and retinal nerve fiber layer thickness according to myopia and optic disc area: A quantitative and three-dimensional analysis. BMC Ophthalmol. 17 (1), 22. 10.1186/s12886-017-0419-1 28283025 PMC5346227 · DOI
  35. Vincent S. J. Collins M. J. Read S. A. Carney L. G. (2013). Retinal and choroidal thickness in myopic anisometropia. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 54 (4), 2445– 2456. 10.1167/iovs.12-11434 23482471 · DOI
  36. Wang X. Q. Zeng L. Z. Chen M. Liu L. Q. (2021). A meta-analysis of alterations in the retina and choroid in high myopia assessed by optical coherence tomography angiography. Ophthalmic Res. 64 (6), 928– 937. 10.1159/000517096 34237732 · DOI
  37. Wu Q. Chen Q. Lin B. Huang S. Wang Y. Zhang L. (2020). Relationships among retinal/choroidal thickness, retinal microvascular network and visual field in high myopia. Acta Ophthalmol. 98 (6), e709– e714. 10.1111/aos.14372 32030900 · DOI
  38. Xin X. Guo Q. Ming S. Liu C. Wang Z. Lei B. (2021). High-resolution image analysis Reveals a decrease in Lens thickness and Cone density in a cohort of young myopic patients. Front. Med. 8, 796778. 10.3389/fmed.2021.796778 PMC8716878 34977098 · DOI
  39. Yamashita T. Tanaka M. Kii Y. Nakao K. Sakamoto T. (2013). Association between retinal thickness of 64 sectors in posterior pole determined by optical coherence tomography and axial length and body height. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 54 (12), 7478– 7482. 10.1167/iovs.13-12586 24168996 · DOI
  40. Yang D. Cao D. Zhang L. Yang C. Lan J. Zhang Y. (2020). Macular and peripapillary vessel density in myopic eyes of young Chinese adults. Clin. Exp. Optom. 103 (6), 830– 837. 10.1111/cxo.13047 32052475 · DOI
  41. Yang S. Zhou M. Lu B. Zhang P. Zhao J. Kang M. (2017). Quantification of macular vascular density using optical coherence tomography angiography and its relationship with retinal thickness in myopic eyes of young adults. J. Ophthalmol. 2017, 1397179. 10.1155/2017/1397179 29318037 PMC5727759 · DOI
  42. Ye J. Wang M. Shen M. Huang S. Xue A. Lin J. (2020). Deep retinal capillary Plexus decreasing correlated with the outer retinal layer alteration and visual acuity impairment in pathological myopia. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 61 (4), 45. 10.1167/iovs.61.4.45 PMC7401930 32343783 · DOI
  43. Zhang S. Zhang G. Zhou X. Xu R. Wang S. Guan Z. (2019). Changes in choroidal thickness and choroidal blood perfusion in Guinea Pig myopia. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 60 (8), 3074– 3083. 10.1167/iovs.18-26397 31319419 · DOI
  44. Zhao Z. Zhou X. Jiang C. Sun X. (2015). Effects of myopia on different areas and layers of the macula: A Fourier-domain optical coherence tomography study of a Chinese cohort. BMC Ophthalmol. 15, 90. 10.1186/s12886-015-0080-5 26231216 PMC4522115 · DOI
  45. Zi Y. Deng Y. Zhao J. Ji M. Qin Y. Deng T. (2020). Morphologic and biochemical changes in the retina and sclera induced by form deprivation high myopia in Guinea pigs. BMC Ophthalmol. 20 (1), 105. 10.1186/s12886-020-01377-1 32178637 PMC7077153 · DOI

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Wang, X., Chen, Y., Wang, Z., Li, H., He, Q., Rong, H., & Wei, R.
Affiliations
Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital (CN)
Corresponding author
Wei, Ruihua
ORCID
Venue
Frontiers in Physiology
Publisher
Frontiers Media SA
Published
2022-08-15
Volume
13
Pages
918393-918393
ISSN
1664-042X (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.3389/fphys.2022.918393
PMC
PMC9421159
OpenAlex
W4291885439
Cited by
7
References
0
Citations by year
2026: 2 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 1
FWCI
1.12
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Frontiers in Physiology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Funders
  • National Natural Science Foundation of China (82070929., No. 82070929)
  • Tianjin Municipal Education Commission (2020JWZD20)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Ophthalmology › Retinal Diseases and Treatments
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Ophthalmology and Visual Impairment Studies
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Retinal Imaging and Analysis
Keywords
macular thickness, retinal layer thickness, inner nuclear layer, outer retinal layers, retinal nerve fiber layer, choroidal thickness, contralateral eye comparison

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review