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Cited by 331Seed Germination and PhysiologyGenetic and Environmental Crop StudiesPlant Molecular Biology Research

The role of the testa during development and in establishment of dormancy of the legume seed.

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Smýkal, Petr, Vernoud, Vanessa, Blair, Matthew W., Soukup, AleÅ¡, Thompson, Richard D.·2014·Frontiers in Plant Science
DOI 10.3389/fpls.2014.00351PMC PMC4102250
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Abstract

Timing of seed germination is one of the key steps in plant life cycles. It determines the beginning of plant growth in natural or agricultural ecosystems. In the wild, many seeds exhibit dormancy and will only germinate after exposure to certain environmental conditions. In contrast, crop seeds germinate as soon as they are imbibed usually at planting time. These domestication-triggered changes represent adaptations to cultivation and human harvesting. Germination is one of the common sets of traits recorded in different crops and termed the "domestication syndrome." Moreover, legume seed imbibition has a crucial role in cooking properties. Different seed dormancy classes exist among plant species. Physical dormancy (often called hardseededness), as found in legumes, involves the development of a water-impermeable seed coat, caused by the presence of phenolics- and suberin-impregnated layers of palisade cells. The dormancy release mechanism primarily involves seed responses to temperature changes in the habitat, resulting in testa permeability to water. The underlying genetic controls in legumes have not been identified yet. However, positive correlation was shown between phenolics content (e.g., pigmentation), the requirement for oxidation and the activity of catechol oxidase in relation to pea seed dormancy, while epicatechin levels showed a significant positive correlation with soybean hardseededness. myeloblastosis family of transcription factors, WD40 proteins and enzymes of the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway were involved in seed testa color in soybean, pea and Medicago, but were not tested directly in relation to seed dormancy. These phenolic compounds play important roles in defense against pathogens, as well as affecting the nutritional quality of products, and because of their health benefits, they are of industrial and medicinal interest. In this review, we discuss the role of the testa in mediating legume seed germination, with a focus on structural and chemical aspects.

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Authors
Smýkal, P., Vernoud, V., Blair, M. W., Soukup, A., & Thompson, R. D.
Affiliations
  • Agroécologie (FR)
  • Tennessee State University (US)
ORCID
Venue
Frontiers in Plant Science
Publisher
Frontiers Media SA
Published
2014-07-17
Volume
5
Pages
351-351
ISSN
1664-462X (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.3389/fpls.2014.00351
PMC
PMC4102250
OpenAlex
W1990649616
Cited by
331
References
0
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FWCI
1.74
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
cc-by
Locations
  • Frontiers in Plant Science (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • HAL (submittedVersion, other-oa)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Funders
U.S. Department of Agriculture
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Seed Germination and Physiology
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Genetic and Environmental Crop Studies
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Plant Molecular Biology Research
Keywords
seed testa, seed dormancy, legume seeds, seed germination, physical dormancy, hardseededness, seed coat permeability, phenolic compounds, suberin, catechol oxidase, epicatechin, WD40 proteins, anthocyanin biosynthesis, seed coat pigmentation, seed imbibition, domestication syndrome, pea, soybean, Medicago

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