Microbial mediated remediation of heavy metals toxicity: mechanisms and future prospects
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Heavy metal pollution has become a serious concern across the globe due to their persistent nature, higher toxicity, and recalcitrance. These toxic metals threaten the stability of the environment and the health of all living beings. Heavy metals also enter the human food chain by eating contaminated foods and cause toxic effects on human health. Thus, remediation of HMs polluted soils is mandatory and it needs to be addressed at higher priority. The use of microbes is considered as a promising approach to combat the adverse impacts of HMs. Microbes aided in the restoration of deteriorated environments to their natural condition, with long-term environmental effects. Microbial remediation prevents the leaching and mobilization of HMs and they also make the extraction of HMs simple. Therefore, in this context recent technological advancement allowed to use of bioremediation as an imperative approach to remediate polluted soils. Microbes use different mechanisms including bio-sorption, bioaccumulation, bioleaching, bio-transformation, bio-volatilization and bio-mineralization to mitigate toxic the effects of HMs. Thus, keeping in the view toxic HMs here in this review explores the role of bacteria, fungi and algae in bioremediation of polluted soils. This review also discusses the various approaches that can be used to improve the efficiency of microbes to remediate HMs polluted soils. It also highlights different research gaps that must be solved in future study programs to improve bioremediation efficency.
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Remediation using microorganisms or biocatalysts involves integrating genomics, understanding transcriptomics, proteomics, communication structures, and artificial biology.
“Remediation using microorganisms or biocatalysts involves integrating genomics, understanding transcriptomics, proteomics, communication structures, and artificial biology is essential [347].”
From Harnessing bacterial consortia for effective bioremediation: targeted removal of heavy metals, hydrocarbons, and persistent pollutants (2025) · cites this paper as [347]
The 'Genetically engineered microbes' section says genomics, transcriptomics and proteomics have been used to develop microbes for heavy-metal remediation; the Introduction also mentions promising results from synthetic biology. Neither passage establishes that integrating all these approaches is essential, and the copy does not substantiate 'communication structures' as part of that integration. Page numbers were not available in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.84)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe Hg-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain can take in 180 mg/g of Hg.
“For example, the Hg-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain can take in 180 mg/g.”
From Harnessing bacterial consortia for effective bioremediation: targeted removal of heavy metals, hydrocarbons, and persistent pollutants (2025) · cites this paper as [347]
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Heavy Metal Pollution in the Environment and Their Toxicological Effects on Humans
Briffa, J., Sinagra, E., & Blundell, R. (2020) · Heliyon · doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04691 · Cited by 4,402 · see citing works
Metals, minerals and microbes: geomicrobiology and bioremediation
Gadd, G. M. (2010) · Microbiology · doi:10.1099/mic.0.037143-0 · Cited by 2,013 · see citing works
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200 of 299 shown
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Qattan, S. Y. A. (2025) · Environmental Sciences Europe · doi:10.1186/s12302-025-01103-y · Cited by 109 · see citing works
- Authors
- Tang, H., Xiang, G., Xiao, W., Yang, Z., & Zhao, B.
- Affiliations
- Hunan University of Humanities, Science and Technology (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Yang, Zeliang
- Zhao, Baoyi
- Venue
- Frontiers in Plant Science
- Publisher
- Frontiers Media SA
- Published
- 2024-07-19
- Volume
- 15
- Pages
- 1420408-1420408
- ISSN
- 1664-462X (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC11294182
- OpenAlex
- W4400838842
- Cited by
- 178
- References
- 2
- Citations by year
- 2026: 101 · 2025: 70 · 2024: 7
- FWCI
- 4.38
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Frontiers in Plant Science (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- National Natural Science Foundation of China (32060318)
- Hunan University
- Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province (2023JJ50475)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Pollution › Heavy metals in environment
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Chromium effects and bioremediation
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Water Science and Technology › Heavy Metal Pollution Remediation
- Keywords
- heavy metal contamination, microbial bioremediation, soil remediation, biosorption, bioaccumulation, bioleaching, biotransformation, biomining, bacteria, fungi, algae, heavy metal leaching, food chain contamination
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