The DOI matches its Crossref record; 31 of the 31 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Higher Educational Attainment Associated with Optimal Antenatal Care Visits among Childbearing Women in Zambia
Open accessAbstract
OBJECTIVE: Attendance of at least four antenatal care (ANC) visits over the period of pregnancy has been accepted by World Health Organization to comprise the optimal and adequate standard of ANC because of its positive association with good maternal and neonatal outcomes during the prenatal period. Despite free ANC being provided, many pregnant women have been found not to meet this minimum number of ANC visits in Zambia. We investigated if educational attainment is associated with optimal ANC visits among childbearing women in Zambia. METHODS: Data stem from the 2007 Zambia Demographic and Health Survey for women, aged 15-49 years, who reported ever having been pregnant in the 5 years preceding the survey. The linked data comprised sociodemographic and other obstetrical data, which were cleaned, recoded, and analyzed using STATA version 12 (Stata Corporation, College Station, TX, USA). Multivariate logistic regression was used to examine the association of educational attainment and other background variables. RESULTS: Women who had higher education level were more likely to attend at least four ANC visits compared to those with no education (AOR 2.8, 95% CI 1.51-5.15; p = 0.001); this was especially true in the urban areas. In addition, women with partners with higher education level were also more likely to have optimal ANC attendance (OR 2.0, 95% CI 1.3-3.1; p = 0.002). CONCLUSION: Educational attainment-associated differentials found to be linked with optimal ANC attendance in this population suggests that access to health care is still driven by inequity-related dynamics and imbalances. Given that inequity stresses are heaviest in the uneducated and probably rural and poor groups, interventions should aim to reach this group. SIGNIFICANCE: The study results will help program managers to increase access to ANC services and direct interventional efforts towards the affected subpopulations, such as the young, uneducated, and rural women. Furthermore, results will help promote maternal health education and advise policy makers and program implementers.
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“In low-income countries and fragile and conflict areas, pregnant women’s formal education [6, 11–15] and their partner’s education [13, 14, 16] significantly predicted adequate utilization of ANC.”
From Predictors of antenatal care utilization among the Rohingya population in the refugee camps of Cox's Bazar, Bangladesh (2025) · cites this paper as [16]
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“while some studies have shown that the younger a pregnant woman is, the less adequate [18] or later into her pregnancy her ANC utilization is [16]”
From Predictors of antenatal care utilization among the Rohingya population in the refugee camps of Cox's Bazar, Bangladesh (2025) · cites this paper as [16]
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Late Antenatal Care Booking And Its Predictors Among Pregnant Women In South Western NigeriaPreprint
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Research works printed but not linked: 9
- World Health Organization, 2006, Perinatal and Neonatal Mortality for the Year 2000
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- World Health Organization, 2013, Perinatal Mother Neonatal & Child health (PMNCH) Report 2013
- Tariku, 2010, Previous utilization of service does not improve timely booking in antenatal care: cross section study on timing of antenatal care booking at public health facilities in Addis Ababa, Ethiop, J Health Dev, 24, 226
- ZDHS, 2007, Zambia Demographic Health Survey 2007 Key Findings
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Cited by
Simon, D., Michael, D., Rahman, M. S., Hiott, M. C., Rahim, A., Sanin, K. I., Tofail, F., & Wuermli, A. J. (2025) · Conflict and Health · doi:10.1186/s13031-025-00733-6 · Cited by 2
“In low-income countries and fragile and conflict areas, pregnant women’s formal education [6, 11–15] and their partner’s education [13, 14, 16] significantly predicted adequate utilization of ANC.”
Metadata
- Authors
- Muyunda, B., Makasa, M., Jacobs, C., Musonda, P., & Michelo, C.
- Affiliations
- Ministry of Health (ZM)
- University of Zambia (ZM)
- Corresponding author
- Muyunda, Brian
- Venue
- Frontiers in Public Health
- Publisher
- Frontiers Media SA
- Published
- 2016-06-16
- Volume
- 4
- Pages
- 127-127
- ISSN
- 2296-2565 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4909780
- OpenAlex
- W2434142675
- Cited by
- 46
- References
- 31
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 1
- FWCI
- 3.10
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- Frontiers in Public Health (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Global Maternal and Child Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Maternal and Neonatal Healthcare
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Reproductive Health and Contraception
- Keywords
- antenatal care attendance, educational attainment, maternal health, health disparities, health care access, pregnant women, spousal education, urban-rural differences, maternal health education, Zambia
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- Muyunda, B., Makasa, M., Jacobs, C., Musonda, P., & Michelo, C. (2016). Higher Educational Attainment Associated with Optimal Antenatal Care Visits among Childbearing Women in Zambia. Frontiers in Public Health. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2016.00127
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Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
