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Cited by 26Plant Stress Responses and ToleranceHeat shock proteins researchPlant Molecular Biology Research

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In Silico Characterization and Expression Profiles of Heat Shock Transcription Factors (HSFs) in Maize (Zea mays L.)

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Haider, Saqlain, Rehman, Shazia, Ahmad, Yumna, Raza, Ali, Tabassum, Javaria, Javed, Talha, Osman, Hany S., Mahmood, Tariq·2021·Agronomy
DOI 10.3390/agronomy11112335

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Abstract

Heat shock transcription factors (HSFs) regulate many environmental stress responses and biological processes in plants. Maize (Zea mays L.) is a major cash crop that is grown worldwide. However, the growth and yield of maize are affected by several adverse environmental stresses. Therefore, investigating the factors that regulate maize growth and development and resistance to abiotic stress is an essential task for developing stress-resilient maize varieties. Thus, a comprehensive genome-wide identification analysis was performed to identify HSFs genes in the maize genome. The current study identified 25 ZmHSFs, randomly distributed throughout the maize genome. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that ZmHSFs are divided into three classes and 13 sub-classes. Gene structure and protein motif analysis supported the results obtained through the phylogenetic analysis. Segmental duplication is shown to be responsible for the expansion of ZmHSFs. Most of the ZmHSFs are localized inside the nucleus, and the ZmHSFs which belong to the same group show similar physio-chemical properties. Previously reported and publicly available RNA-seq analysis revealed a major role of class A HSFs including ZmHSFA-1a and ZmHSFA-2a in all the maize growth stages, i.e., seed, vegetative, and reproductive development. Under abiotic stress conditions (heat, drought, cold, UV, and salinity), members of class A and B ZmHSFs are induced. Gene ontology and protein–protein interaction analysis indicated a major role of ZmHSFs in resistance to environmental stress and regulation of primary metabolism. To summarize, this study provides novel insights for functional studies on the ZmHSFs in maize breeding programs.

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Metadata

Authors
Haider, S., Rehman, S., Ahmad, Y., Raza, A., Tabassum, J., Javed, T., Osman, H. S., & Mahmood, T.
Affiliations
  • Quaid-i-Azam University (PK)
  • Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University (PK)
  • Oil Crops Research Institute (CN)
  • Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CN)
  • Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University (CN)
  • Ain Shams University (EG)
Corresponding author
  • Haider, Saqlain
  • Raza, Ali
ORCID
Venue
Agronomy
Publisher
MDPI AG
Published
2021-11-18
Volume
11
Issue
11
Pages
2335
ISSN
2073-4395 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.3390/agronomy11112335
OpenAlex
W3213896325
Cited by
26
References
110
Citations by year
2026: 5 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 1
FWCI
3.01
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Agronomy (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • Preprints.org (acceptedVersion, cc-by)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Plant Stress Responses and Tolerance
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Heat shock proteins research
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Plant Molecular Biology Research
Keywords
heat shock transcription factor, maize, genome-wide identification, phylogenetic classification, segmental duplication, gene family expansion, abiotic stress response, heat stress, drought stress, cold stress, salt stress, UV stress, gene expression profiles, protein-protein interaction, primary metabolism

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