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Cited by 24Environmental Toxicology and EcotoxicologyPesticide and Herbicide Environmental StudiesPharmaceutical and Antibiotic Environmental Impacts

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Swimming Behavior of Daphnia magna Is Altered by Pesticides of Concern, as Components of Agricultural Surface Water and in Acute Exposures

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Egan, Nicole, Stinson, Sarah A., Deng, Xin, Lawler, Sharon P., Connon, Richard E.·2023·Biology
DOI 10.3390/biology12030425PMC PMC10045752
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Abstract

Pesticides with novel modes of action including neonicotinoids and anthranilic diamides are increasingly detected in global surface waters. Little is known about how these pesticides of concern interact in mixtures at environmentally relevant concentrations, a common exposure scenario in waterways impacted by pesticide pollution. We examined effects of chlorantraniliprole (CHL) and imidacloprid (IMI) on the sensitive invertebrate, Daphnia magna. Exposures were first performed using surface waters known to be contaminated by agricultural runoff. To evaluate the seasonal variation in chemical concentration and composition of surface waters, we tested surface water samples taken at two time points: during an extended dry period and after a first flush storm event. In surface waters, the concentrations of CHL, IMI, and other pesticides of concern increased after first flush, resulting in hypoactivity and dose-dependent photomotor responses. We then examined mortality and behavior following single and binary chemical mixtures of CHL and IMI. We detected inverse photomotor responses and some evidence of synergistic effects in binary mixture exposures. Taken together, this research demonstrates that CHL, IMI, and contaminated surface waters all cause abnormal swimming behavior in D. magna. Invertebrate swimming behavior is a sensitive endpoint for measuring the biological effects of environmental pesticides of concern.

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Crossref · 10.3390/biology12030425

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Figures

Figure 1 Swimming Behavior of D. magna after Exposure to Water Samples from the Salinas Valley Watershed collected in September 2019 (before first flush). (A,B) Average total distance moved (mm) of D. magna after 96 h of exposure to water samples from (A) Alisal Creek or (B) Salinas River. (C,D) Photomotor response of D. magna after 96 h of exposure to water samples from (C) Alisal Creek or (D) Salinas River, calculated by taking the difference between the average distance moved in the last minute of dark and the first minute of light. The significance of Tukey’s Multiple Comparisons tests is shown as * = p ≤ 0.05, ** = p ≤ 0.01, *** = p ≤ 0.001, **** = p ≤ 0.0001. Error bars depict standard error.
Figure 1 Swimming Behavior of D. magna after Exposure to Water Samples from the Salinas Valley Watershed collected in September 2019 (before first flush). (A,B) Average total distance moved (mm) of D. magna after 96 h of exposure to water samples from (A) Alisal Creek or (B) Salinas River. (C,D) Photomotor response of D. magna after 96 h of exposure to water samples from (C) Alisal Creek or (D) Salinas River, calculated by taking the difference between the average distance moved in the last minute of dark and the first minute of light. The significance of Tukey’s Multiple Comparisons tests is shown as * = p ≤ 0.05, ** = p ≤ 0.01, *** = p ≤ 0.001, **** = p ≤ 0.0001. Error bars depict standard error.CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 2 Swimming Behavior of D. magna after Exposure to Water Samples from the Salinas Valley Watershed collected in November 2019 (after first flush). (A–C) Average total distance moved (mm) of D. magna after 96 h of exposure to water samples from (A) Quail Creek, (B) Alisal Creek or (C) Salinas River. (D–F) Photomotor response of D. magna after 96 h of exposure to water samples from (D) Quail Creek, € Alisal Creek, or (F) Salinas River calculated by taking the difference between the average distance moved in the last minute of dark and the first minute of light. The significance of Tukey’s Multiple Comparisons tests is shown as * = p ≤ 0.05, ** = p ≤ 0.01, *** = p ≤ 0.001, **** = p ≤ 0.0001. Error bars depict standard error.
Figure 2 Swimming Behavior of D. magna after Exposure to Water Samples from the Salinas Valley Watershed collected in November 2019 (after first flush). (A–C) Average total distance moved (mm) of D. magna after 96 h of exposure to water samples from (A) Quail Creek, (B) Alisal Creek or (C) Salinas River. (D–F) Photomotor response of D. magna after 96 h of exposure to water samples from (D) Quail Creek, € Alisal Creek, or (F) Salinas River calculated by taking the difference between the average distance moved in the last minute of dark and the first minute of light. The significance of Tukey’s Multiple Comparisons tests is shown as * = p ≤ 0.05, ** = p ≤ 0.01, *** = p ≤ 0.001, **** = p ≤ 0.0001. Error bars depict standard error.CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 3 Effects of low (1.0 µg/L) and high (5.0 µg/L) concentrations of Chlorantraniliprole and Imidacloprid Single and Binary Mixtures on D. magna Swimming Behavior. (A–C) Average total distance moved (mm) of D. magna after 96 h of exposure to (A) CHL, (B) IMI, or (C) Binary Mixtures. The photoperiod for these was 10:20 min of dark:light (initial 5 min of acclimation not shown); (D–F) Photomotor response of D. magna after 96 h of CHL and IMI exposure, calculated by taking the difference between the average distance moved in the last minute of dark and the first minute of light. The significance of Tukey’s Multiple Comparisons tests is shown as * = p < 0.5, ** = p < 0.1, *** = p < 0.01, **** = p < 0.001. Error bars depict standard error.
Figure 3 Effects of low (1.0 µg/L) and high (5.0 µg/L) concentrations of Chlorantraniliprole and Imidacloprid Single and Binary Mixtures on D. magna Swimming Behavior. (A–C) Average total distance moved (mm) of D. magna after 96 h of exposure to (A) CHL, (B) IMI, or (C) Binary Mixtures. The photoperiod for these was 10:20 min of dark:light (initial 5 min of acclimation not shown); (D–F) Photomotor response of D. magna after 96 h of CHL and IMI exposure, calculated by taking the difference between the average distance moved in the last minute of dark and the first minute of light. The significance of Tukey’s Multiple Comparisons tests is shown as * = p < 0.5, ** = p < 0.1, *** = p < 0.01, **** = p < 0.001. Error bars depict standard error.CC BY · PubMed Central

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Research works printed but not linked: 1

  1. USEPA (2017). Office of Chemical Safety and Pollution Prevention Preliminary Aquatic Risk Assessment to Support the Registration Review of Imidacloprid, USEPA.

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Metadata

Authors
Egan, N., Stinson, S. A., Deng, X., Lawler, S. P., & Connon, R. E.
Affiliations
  • University of California, Davis (US)
  • California Department of Pesticide Regulation (US)
Corresponding author
Stinson, Sarah A.
ORCID
Venue
Biology
Publisher
MDPI AG
Published
2023-03-10
Volume
12
Issue
3
Pages
425
ISSN
2079-7737 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.3390/biology12030425
PMC
PMC10045752
OpenAlex
W4323845456
Cited by
24
References
59
Citations by year
2026: 11 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 3
FWCI
2.75
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Biology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Funders
California Department of Pesticide Regulation (18-C0042)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Environmental Toxicology and Ecotoxicology
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Pollution › Pesticide and Herbicide Environmental Studies
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Pollution › Pharmaceutical and Antibiotic Environmental Impacts
Keywords
Daphnia magna, swimming behavior, chlorantraniliprole, imidacloprid, neonicotinoids, anthranilic diamides, pesticide mixtures, agricultural runoff, photomotor response, synergistic effect, invertebrate toxicity

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CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Swimming Behavior of Daphnia magna Is Altered by Pesticides of Concern, as Components of Agricultural Surface Water and in Acute Exposures. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.3390/biology12030425
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Egan, N., Stinson, S. A., Deng, X., Lawler, S. P., & Connon, R. E. (2023). Swimming Behavior of Daphnia magna Is Altered by Pesticides of Concern, as Components of Agricultural Surface Water and in Acute Exposures. Biology. https://doi.org/10.3390/biology12030425