Kynurenic Acid Levels are Increased in the CSF of Alzheimer’s Disease Patients
Open accessAbstract
Kynurenic acid (KYNA) is a product of the tryptophan (TRP) metabolism via the kynurenine pathway (KP). This pathway is activated in neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer´s disease (AD). KYNA is primarily produced by astrocytes and is considered neuroprotective. Thus, altered KYNA levels may suggest an inflammatory response. Very recently, significant increases in KYNA levels were reported in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from AD patients compared with normal controls. In this study, we assessed the accuracy of KYNA in CSF for the classification of patients with AD, cognitively healthy controls, and patients with a variety of other neurodegenerative diseases, including frontotemporal dementia (FTD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP). Averaged KYNA concentration in CSF was higher in patients with AD when compared with healthy subjects and with all the other differentially diagnosed groups. There were no significant differences in KYNA levels in CSF between any other neurodegenerative groups and controls. These results suggest a specific increase in KYNA concentration in CSF from AD patients not seen in other neurodegenerative diseases.
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Dysregulation of these enzymes and metabolites is implicated in neurodegenerative disorders and found to be elevated in the blood and CSF of AD patients.
“The dysregulation of these enzymes and metabolites is implicated in neurodegenerative disorders and found to be elevated in the blood and CSF of AD patients [27].”
From VEEV TC-83 Triggers Dysregulation of the Tryptophan–Kynurenine Pathway in the Central Nervous System That Correlates with Cognitive Impairment in Tg2576 Mice (2024) · cites this paper as [27]
Results §3.2 reports elevated kynurenic acid (KYNA) in the CSF of AD patients, but §3.3 directly contradicts the claim that it was also elevated in blood: plasma KYNA and TRP showed no significant change versus controls. The paper discusses elevated pathway enzymes in AD brains, not elevated enzymes in patients’ blood and CSF. Page numbers are unavailable in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.88)
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References 81 · Cited by 84
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- [75]Fertan E. Rodrigues G. Wheeler R.V. Goguen D. Wong A.A. James H. Stadnyk A. Brown R.E. Weaver I.C.G. Cognitive decline, cerebral-spleen tryptophan metabolism, oxidative stress, cytokine production, and regulation of the Txnip gene in 3xTg-AD Mice Am. J. Pathol. 2019 10.1016/j.ajpath.2019.03.006 30980800 · DOI
- Authors
- González-Sánchez, M., Jiménez, J., Narváez, A., Antequera, D., Llamas-Velasco, S., Martín, A. H.-S., Molina Arjona, J. A., López de Munain, A., Lleó Bisa, A., Marco, M.-P., Rodríguez-Núñez, M., Pérez-Martínez, D. A., Villarejo-Galende, A., Bartolome, F., Domínguez, E., & Carro, E.
- Affiliations
- Group of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hospital 12 de Octubre Research Institute (imas12), 28041 Madrid, Spain
- Universidad de Alcalá (ES)
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Alcalá, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
- Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre (ES)
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain
- Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (ES)
- Corresponding author
- Carro, Eva
- ORCID
- Venue
- Biomolecules
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2020-04-08
- Volume
- 10
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 571
- ISSN
- 2218-273X (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC7226436
- OpenAlex
- W3015388543
- Cited by
- 84
- References
- 81
- Citations by year
- 2026: 15 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 19 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 3
- FWCI
- 2.90
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- dx.doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Biomolecules (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Dipòsit Digital de Documents de la UAB (Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- DIGITAL.CSIC (Spanish National Research Council (CSIC)) (submittedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III (PI18/00118)
- Consejería de Educación e Investigación (S2017/BMD-3700)
- Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (CTQ2011-29163-C03-01)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Biological Psychiatry › Tryptophan and brain disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Keywords
- kynurenic acid, cerebrospinal fluid, Alzheimer's disease, kynurenine pathway, tryptophan metabolism, neurodegenerative diseases, frontotemporal dementia, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, progressive supranuclear palsy, biomarkers, differential diagnosis, astrocytes
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Alzheimer Disease, Female, Humans, Kynurenic Acid, Male, Middle Aged, Tryptophan, Case-Control Studies
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