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Blood Neurofilament Light Chain: The Neurologist’s Troponin?
Open accessAbstract
Blood neurofilament light chain (NfL) is a marker of neuro-axonal injury showing promising associations with outcomes of interest in several neurological conditions. Although initially discovered and investigated in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), the recent development of ultrasensitive digital immunoassay technologies has enabled reliable detection in serum/plasma, obviating the need for invasive lumbar punctures for longitudinal assessment. The most evidence for utility relates to multiple sclerosis (MS) where it serves as an objective measure of both the inflammatory and degenerative pathologies that characterise this disease. In this review, we summarise the physiology and pathophysiology of neurofilaments before focusing on the technological advancements that have enabled reliable quantification of NfL in blood. As the test case for clinical translation, we then highlight important recent developments linking blood NfL levels to outcomes in MS and the next steps to be overcome before this test is adopted on a routine clinical basis.
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“NfL is a structural protein that can be detected in the blood at elevated levels in a variety of neurological diseases (2–5).”
From A Method to Combine Neurofilament Light Measurements From Blood Serum and Plasma in Clinical and Population-Based Studies (2022) · cites this paper as [2]
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Yang, N., Poh, A. W. J., Giltrap, A. M., Isenegger, P. G., Sap, J. B. I., Ford, J., Auchynnikava, T., Tan, K. V., Able, S., Levin, N., et al. (2025) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2025.01.26.634877 · Cited by 2
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Biomarkers in multiple sclerosis
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Metadata
- Authors
- Thebault, S., Booth, R. A., & Freedman, M. S.
- Affiliations
- University of Ottawa (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Thebault, Simon
- Freedman, Mark S.
- Venue
- Biomedicines
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2020-11-21
- Volume
- 8
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 523
- ISSN
- 2227-9059 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC7700209
- OpenAlex
- W3110272217
- Cited by
- 101
- References
- 86
- Citations by year
- 2026: 12 · 2025: 22 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 19 · 2022: 20 · 2021: 12
- FWCI
- 1.95
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Biomedicines (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Multiple Sclerosis Research Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Peripheral Neuropathies and Disorders
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Hereditary Neurological Disorders
- Keywords
- neurofilaments, multiple sclerosis, serum biomarkers, digital immunoassay, disease-modifying therapy response, neurodegeneration, neuroinflammation, clinical translation
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