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Cited by 17Concrete and Cement Materials ResearchMaterials Engineering and ProcessingRecycled Aggregate Concrete Performance

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Mechanical and Durability Properties of Concrete Prepared with Coal Gangue: A Review

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Jia, Xiaorui, Li, Weitao, Dong, Xin, Liu, Bo, Chen, Juannong, Li, Jiayue, Ni, Guowei·2025·Buildings
DOI 10.3390/buildings15173048
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Abstract

Coal gangue, an industrial byproduct of coal mining, was traditionally utilized in concrete production as a coarse aggregate. However, recent advancements have expanded its application by processing it into fine powder for use as a supplementary cementitious material (SCM), partially replacing cement. This approach not only enhances the sustainable reuse of coal gangue but also contributes to reducing cement consumption and associated carbon emissions. Nevertheless, the incorporation of coal gangue may adversely affect the mechanical strength and long-term durability of concrete. This review provides a systematic analysis of recent research on coal gangue-modified concrete. It begins by classifying the functional roles of coal gangue in concrete mixtures, followed by a critical evaluation of its impact on mechanical properties and durability—both as an aggregate an as a mineral admixture. When 30% of the aggregate is replaced with activated coal gangue, the average compressive strength of concrete increases by 15%. When coal gangue replaces less than 20% of the cement, the compressive strength of concrete can reach 95% of the reference strength. Second, the review evaluates the modification effects of various mineral admixtures, elucidating their mechanisms for enhancing mechanical properties and durability in coal gangue-based concrete. Finally, it examines the underlying interaction mechanisms between these admixtures and coal gangue, while identifying key future research directions for optimizing admixture formulations. By providing a comprehensive and critical analysis of current research, this paper serves as a valuable reference for developing high-performance coal gangue concrete with increased substitution rates and tailored admixture systems. Ultimately, this work advances the design of sustainable, low-cement concrete using industrial byproducts, enabling performance-driven applications and supporting next-generation green construction materials.

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References 63 · Cited by 17

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Metadata

Authors
Jia, X., Li, W., Dong, X., Liu, B., Chen, J., Li, J., & Ni, G.
Affiliations
  • North China University of Science and Technology (CN)
  • College of Civil and Architectural Engineering, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063210, China
Corresponding author
Liu, Bo
ORCID
Venue
Buildings
Publisher
MDPI AG
Published
2025-08-26
Volume
15
Issue
17
Pages
3048
ISSN
2075-5309 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.3390/buildings15173048
OpenAlex
W4413683702
Cited by
17
References
63
Citations by year
2026: 14 · 2025: 3
FWCI
1.23
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Buildings (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Civil and Structural Engineering › Concrete and Cement Materials Research
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Building and Construction › Materials Engineering and Processing
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Building and Construction › Recycled Aggregate Concrete Performance
Keywords
coal gangue, coal gangue concrete, supplementary cementitious materials, cement replacement, compressive strength, concrete durability, industrial by-product utilization, low-cement concrete, carbon emission reduction, aggregate replacement

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

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