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Cited by 37Cancer-related Molecular PathwaysDevelopmental Biology and Gene RegulationCancer-related molecular mechanisms research

SALL Proteins; Common and Antagonistic Roles in Cancer

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Álvarez, Claudia, Quiroz, Aracelly, Benítez-Riquelme, Diego, Riffo, Elizabeth, Castro, Ariel F., Pincheira, Roxana·2021·Cancers
DOI 10.3390/cancers13246292PMC PMC8699250
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Abstract

SALL proteins are a family of four conserved C2H2 zinc finger transcription factors that play critical roles in organogenesis during embryonic development. They regulate cell proliferation, survival, migration, and stemness; consequently, they are involved in various human genetic disorders and cancer. SALL4 is a well-recognized oncogene; however, SALL1–3 play dual roles depending on the cancer context and stage of the disease. Current reviews of SALLs have focused only on SALL2 or SALL4, lacking an integrated view of the SALL family members in cancer. Here, we update the recent advances of the SALL members in tumor development, cancer progression, and therapy, highlighting the synergistic and/or antagonistic functions they perform in similar cancer contexts. We identified common regulatory mechanisms, targets, and signaling pathways in breast, brain, liver, colon, blood, and HPV-related cancers. In addition, we discuss the potential of the SALL family members as cancer biomarkers and in the cancer cells’ response to therapies. Understanding SALL proteins’ function and relationship will open new cancer biology, clinical research, and therapy perspectives.

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  • Aberrant SALL4 activity has been reported in acute myeloid leukemia, lung adenocarcinoma, breast cancer, and other aggressive malignancies.

    “An aberrant SALL4 activity has been reported in acute myeloid leukemia, lung adenocarcinoma, breast cancer, and other aggressive malignancies”

    From SALL4 is a CRL3REN/KCTD11 substrate that drives Sonic Hedgehog-dependent medulloblastoma (2024) · cites this paper as [64]

    Section 5.3 (Blood Cancers; page unavailable) links SALL4 to AML, and section 5.1 (Breast Cancer; page unavailable) reports elevated SALL4 expression and tumor-promoting activity in breast cancer. The paper also discusses SALL4 in other malignancies, but the passages found address lung cancer generally, not lung adenocarcinoma specifically. (LLM, conf=0.85)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • SALL4 overexpression is associated with poor prognosis and lower survival rate of patients.

    “its overexpression is associated with poor prognosis and lower survival rate of patients [64–67]”

    From SALL4 is a CRL3REN/KCTD11 substrate that drives Sonic Hedgehog-dependent medulloblastoma (2024) · cites this paper as [64]

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Authors
Álvarez, C., Quiroz, A., Benítez-Riquelme, D., Riffo, E., Castro, A. F., & Pincheira, R.
Affiliations
University of Concepción (CL)
Corresponding author
Pincheira, Roxana
ORCID
Venue
Cancers
Publisher
MDPI AG
Published
2021-12-15
Volume
13
Issue
24
Pages
6292
ISSN
2072-6694 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.3390/cancers13246292
PMC
PMC8699250
OpenAlex
W4200556763
Cited by
37
References
209
Citations by year
2026: 7 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 6
FWCI
0.73
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Cancers (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Funders
FONDECYT (1191172, 1201215, PhD fellowship 21181183, PhD fellowship 21181438)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer-related Molecular Pathways
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Developmental Biology and Gene Regulation
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cancer Research › Cancer-related molecular mechanisms research
Keywords
C2H2 zinc finger transcription factor, SALL4, SALL1, SALL2, SALL3, oncogenes, carcinogenesis, tumor progression, cancer therapy response, tumor markers, breast cancer, brain cancer, liver cancer, colon cancer, hematologic malignancies, HPV-associated cancers, embryonic organogenesis

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