CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 19Algal biology and biofuel productionMicrobial Metabolic Engineering and BioproductionAquatic Ecosystems and Phytoplankton Dynamics

Supra-Optimal Temperature: An Efficient Approach for Overaccumulation of Starch in the Green Alga Parachlorella kessleri

Open access
Zachleder, Vilém, Kselíková, Veronika, Ivanov, Ivan N., Bialevich, Vitali, Vítová, Milada, Ota, Shuhei, Takeshita, Tsuyoshi, Kawano, Shigeyuki +1 more·2021·Cells
DOI 10.3390/cells10071806PMC PMC8306380
Open this paper in CoChat — free accountOpen PDF

Abstract

Green algae are fast-growing microorganisms that are considered promising for the production of starch and neutral lipids, and the chlorococcal green alga Parachlorella kessleri is a favorable model, as it can produce both starch and neutral lipids. P. kessleri commonly divides into more than two daughter cells by a specific mechanism—multiple fission. Here, we used synchronized cultures of the alga to study the effects of supra-optimal temperature. Synchronized cultures were grown at optimal (30 °C) and supra-optimal (40 °C) temperatures and incident light intensities of 110 and 500 μmol photons m−2 s−1. The time course of cell reproduction (DNA replication, cellular division), growth (total RNA, protein, cell dry matter, cell size), and synthesis of energy reserves (net starch, neutral lipid) was studied. At 40 °C, cell reproduction was arrested, but growth and accumulation of energy reserves continued; this led to the production of giant cells enriched in protein, starch, and neutral lipids. Furthermore, we examined whether the increased temperature could alleviate the effects of deuterated water on Parachlorella kessleri growth and division; results show that supra-optimal temperature can be used in algal biotechnology for the production of protein, (deuterated) starch, and neutral lipids.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.3390/cells10071806

Cites

1 of 1 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • In Tetraselmis subcordiformis, N. oculata, and Parachlorella kessleri, the response temperature of lipid accumulation of each microalga is different.

    “For example, in Tetraselmis subcordiformis, N. oculata and Parachlorella kessleri, the response temperature of lipid accumulation of each microalga is different [153, 154].”

    From Microalgae biofuels: illuminating the path to a sustainable future amidst challenges and opportunities (2024) · cites this paper as [154]

    Results §3.1 (page not provided) reports that neutral lipids in Parachlorella kessleri did not accumulate at 30 °C but increased at 40 °C. The paper supports a temperature-dependent lipid response for that species, but does not establish how its response differs from those of Tetraselmis subcordiformis or N. oculata. (LLM, conf=0.85)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Research works printed but not linked: 73

  1. [1]Zachleder V. Bišová K. Vítová M. Štěpán K. Hendrychová J. Variety of cell cycle patterns in the alga Scenedesmus quadricauda (Chlorophyta) as revealed by application of illumination regimes and inhibitors Eur. J. Phycol. 2002 37 361 371 10.1017/S0967026202003815 · DOI
  2. [2]Oldenhof H. Zachleder V. van den Ende H. Blue- and red-light regulation of the cell cycle in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (Chlorophyta) Eur. J. Phycol. 2006 41 313 320 10.1080/09670260600699920 · DOI
  3. [3]Oldenhof H. Zachleder V. van den Ende H. Blue light delays commitment to cell division in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii Plant Biol. 2004 6 689 695 10.1055/s-2004-821341 15570473 · DOI
  4. [4]Munzner P. Voigt J. Blue light regulation of cell division in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii Plant Physiol. 1992 99 1370 1375 10.1104/pp.99.4.1370 16669046 PMC1080634 · DOI
  5. [5]Voigt J. Munzner P. The Chlamydomonas cell-cycle is regulated by a light dark- responsive cell-cycle switch Planta 1987 172 463 472 10.1007/BF00393861 24226064 · DOI
  6. [6]McAteer M. Donnan L. John P.C.L. The timing of division in Chlamydomonas New Phytol. 1985 99 41 56 10.1111/j.1469-8137.1985.tb03635.x · DOI
  7. [7]Donnan L. Carvill E.P. Gilliland T.J. John P.C.L. The cell-cycles of Chlamydomonas and Chlorella New Phytol. 1985 99 1 40 10.1111/j.1469-8137.1985.tb03634.x · DOI
  8. [8]Donnan L. John P.C.L. Cell cycle control by timer and sizer in Chlamydomonas Nature 1983 304 630 633 10.1038/304630a0 6877383 · DOI
  9. [9]Zachleder V. Šetlík I. Timing of events in overlapping cell reproductive sequences and their mutual interactions in the alga Scenedesmus quadricauda J. Cell Sci. 1990 97 631 638 10.1242/jcs.97.4.631 · DOI
  10. [12]Bisova K. Zachleder V. Cell-cycle regulation in green algae dividing by multiple fission J. Exp. Bot. 2014 65 2585 2602 10.1093/jxb/ert466 24441762 · DOI
  11. [13]Vítová M. Bišová K. Hlavová M. Kawano S. Zachleder V. Čížková M. Chlamydomonas reinhardtii: Duration of its cell cycle and phases at growth rates affected by temperature Planta 2011 234 599 608 10.1007/s00425-011-1427-7 21573815 · DOI
  12. [14]Zachleder V. van den Ende H. Cell cycle events in the green alga Chlamydomonas eugametos and their control by environmental factors J. Cell Sci. 1992 102 469 474 10.1242/jcs.102.3.469 · DOI
  13. [15]Zachleder V. Ivanov I. Vítová M. Bišová K. Effects of cyclin-dependent kinase activity on the coordination of growth and the cell cycle in green algae at different temperatures J. Exp. Bot. 2019 70 845 858 10.1093/jxb/ery391 30395238 · DOI
  14. [16]Bišová K. Hendrychová J. Cepák V. Zachleder V. Cell growth and division processes are differentially sensitive to cadmium in Scenedesmus quadricauda Folia Microbiol. 2003 48 805 816 10.1007/BF02931518 15058196 · DOI
  15. [17]Zachleder V. Ivanov I. Vítová M. Bišová K. Cell cycle arrest by supraoptimal temperature in the alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii Cells 2019 8 1237 1257 10.3390/cells8101237 31614608 PMC6829867 · DOI
  16. [19]Krienitz L. Hegewald E.H. Hepperle D. Huss V.A.R. Rohr T. Wolf M. Phylogenetic relationship of Chlorella and Parachlorella gen nov (Chlorophyta, Trebouxiophyceae) Phycologia 2004 43 529 542 10.2216/i0031-8884-43-5-529.1 · DOI
  17. [20]Řezanka T. Podojil M. The very long-chain fatty-acids of the green-alga Chlorella kessleri Lipids 1984 19 472 473 10.1007/BF02537412 · DOI
  18. [21]Ota S. Matsuda T. Takeshita T. Yamazaki T. Kazama Y. Abe T. Kawano S. Phenotypic spectrum of Parachlorella kessleri (Chlorophyta) mutants produced by heavy-ion irradiation Bioresour. Technol. 2013 149 432 438 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.09.079 24135567 · DOI
  19. [22]Ota S. Yoshihara M. Yamazaki T. Takeshita T. Hirata A. Konomi M. Oshima K. Hattori M. Bišová K. Zachleder V. Deciphering the relationship among phosphate dynamics, electron-dense body and lipid accumulation in the green alga Parachlorella kessleri Sci. Rep. 2016 6 25731 10.1038/srep25731 27180903 PMC4867602 · DOI
  20. [23]Fernandes B. Teixeira J. Dragone G. Vicente A.A. Kawano S. Bišová K. Přibyl P. Zachleder V. Vítová M. Relationship between starch and lipid accumulation induced by nutrient depletion and replenishment in the microalga Parachlorella kessleri Bioresour. Technol. 2013 144 268 274 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.06.096 23876655 · DOI
  21. [24]Mizuno Y. Sato A. Watanabe K. Hirata A. Takeshita T. Ota S. Sato N. Zachleder V. Tsuzuki M. Kawano S. Sequential accumulation of starch and lipid induced by sulfur deficiency in Chlorella and Parachlorella species Bioresour. Technol. 2013 129 150 155 10.1016/j.biortech.2012.11.030 23238344 · DOI
  22. [25]Takeshita T. Ivanov I.N. Oshima K. Ishii K. Kawamoto H. Ota S. Yamazaki T. Hirata A. Kazama Y. Abe T. Comparison of lipid productivity of Parachlorella kessleri heavy-ion beam irradiation mutant PK4 in laboratory and 150-L mass bioreactor, identification and characterization of its genetic variation Algal Res. 2018 35 416 426 10.1016/j.algal.2018.09.005 · DOI
  23. [26]Taleb A. Legrand J. Takache H. Taha S. Pruvost J. Investigation of lipid production by nitrogen-starved Parachlorella kessleri under continuous illumination and day/night cycles for biodiesel application J. Appl. Phycol. 2017 10.1007/s10811-017-1286-0 · DOI
  24. [27]Rathod J.P. Prakash G. Pandit R. Lali A.M. Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of promising oil-bearing marine algae Parachlorella kessleri Photosynth. Res. 2013 118 141 146 10.1007/s11120-013-9930-2 24097049 · DOI
  25. [28]Sato N. Tsuzuki M. Kawaguchi A. Glycerolipid synthesis in Chlorella kessleri 11h - I. Existence of a eukaryotic pathway Biochim. Biophys. Acta 2003 1633 27 34 10.1016/S1388-1981(03)00069-6 12842192 · DOI
  26. [29]Saleh M.M. Matorin D.N. Zayadan B.K. Todorenko D.A. Lukashov E.P. Gaballah M.M. Differentiation between two strains of microalga Parachlorella kessleri using modern spectroscopic method Bot. Stud. 2014 55 53 10.1186/s40529-014-0053-7 28510974 PMC5430349 · DOI
  27. [30]Zachleder V. Ivanov I.N. Kselíková V. Bialevich V. Vítová M. Ota S. Takeshita T. Kawano S. Bišová K. Characterization of growth and cell cycle events as affected by light intensity in the green alga Parachlorella kessleri, as a new model for cell cycle research Biomolecules 2021 11 891 10.3390/biom11060891 34203860 PMC8232753 · DOI
  28. [31]Lien T. Knutsen G. Synchronous growth of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (Chlorophyceae): A review of optimal conditions J. Phycol. 1979 15 191 200 10.1111/j.1529-8817.1979.tb02984.x · DOI
  29. [32]Takeshita T. Ota S. Yamazaki T. Hirata A. Zachleder V. Kawano S. Starch and lipid accumulation in eight strains of six Chlorella species under comparatively high light intensity and aeration culture conditions Bioresour. Technol. 2014 158 127 134 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.01.135 24583913 · DOI
  30. [33]Torres-Romero I. Kong F. Legeret B. Beisson F. Peltier G. Li-Beisson Y. Chlamydomonas cell cycle mutant crcdc5 over-accumulates starch and oil Biochimie 2019 10.1016/j.biochi.2019.09.017 31563539 · DOI
  31. [35]Sorokin C. Changes in photosynthetic activity in the course of cell development in Chlorella Physiol. Plant. 1957 10 659 666 10.1111/j.1399-3054.1957.tb06973.x · DOI
  32. [36]Brányiková I. Maršálková B. Doucha J. Brányik T. Bišová K. Zachleder V. Vítová M. Microalgae-novel highly efficient starch producers Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2011 108 766 776 10.1002/bit.23016 21404251 · DOI
  33. [37]Izumo A. Fujiwara S. Oyama Y. Satoh A. Fujita N. Nakamura Y. Tsuzuki M. Physicochemical properties of starch in Chlorella change depending on the CO2 concentration during growth: Comparison of structure and properties of pyrenoid and stroma starch Plant Sci. 2007 172 1138 1147 10.1016/j.plantsci.2007.03.001 · DOI
  34. [38]Ivanov I.N. Zachleder V. Vítová M. Barbosa M.J. Bišová K. Starch production in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii through supraoptimal temperature in a pilot-scale photobioreactor Cells 2021 10 10.3390/cells10051084 PMC8147326 34062892 · DOI
  35. [39]Li X. Přibyl P. Bišová K. Kawano S. Cepák V. Zachleder V. Čížková M. Brányiková I. Vítová M. The microalga Parachlorella kessleri––a novel highly efficient lipid producer Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2013 110 97 107 10.1002/bit.24595 22766749 · DOI
  36. [40]Přibyl P. Cepák V. Zachleder V. Production of lipids in 10 strains of Chlorella and Parachlorella, and enhanced lipid productivity in Chlorella vulgaris Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 2012 94 549 561 10.1007/s00253-012-3915-5 22361856 · DOI
  37. [41]Gao Y. Feng J. Lv J. Liu Q. Nan F. Liu X. Xie S. Physiological changes of Parachlorella kessleri ty02 in lipid accumulation under nitrogen stress Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2019 16 10.3390/ijerph16071188 PMC6479445 30987041 · DOI
  38. [42]You Z. Zhang Q. Peng Z. Miao X. Lipid droplets mediate salt stress tolerance in Parachlorella kessleri Plant Physiol. 2019 181 510 526 10.1104/pp.19.00666 31341003 PMC6776852 · DOI · Paper page
  39. [43]Zachleder V. Vítová M. Hlavová M. Moudříková Š. Mojzeš P. Heumann H. Becher J.R. Bišová K. Stable isotope compounds - production, detection, and application Biotechnol. Adv. 2018 36 784 797 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2018.01.010 29355599 · DOI
  40. [44]Yang J. Deuterium: Discovery and applications in organic chemistry Elsevier Amsterdam, The Netherlands 2016
  41. [45]Lehmann W.D. A timeline of stable isotopes and mass spectrometry in the life sciences Mass Spectrom. Rev. 2017 36 58 85 10.1002/mas.21497 26919394 · DOI
  42. [47]Hirakura Y. Sugiyama T. Takeda M. Ikeda M. Yoshioka T. Deuteration as a tool in investigating the role of protons in cell signaling Biochim. Biophys. Acta 2011 1810 218 225 10.1016/j.bbagen.2010.10.005 20970482 · DOI
  43. [48]Salomonsson L. Branden G. Brzezinski P. Deuterium isotope effect of proton pumping in cytochrome c oxidase Biochim. Biophys. Acta 2008 1777 343 350 10.1016/j.bbabio.2007.09.009 18371493 · DOI
  44. [49]De Kouchkovsky Y. Haraux F. Sigalat C. Effect of hydrogen-deuterium exchange on energy-coupled processes in thylakoids FEBS Lett. 1982 139 245 249 10.1016/0014-5793(82)80862-4 · DOI
  45. [50]Evans B.R. Bali G. Reeves D.T. O’Neill H.M. Sun Q. Shah R. Ragauskas A.J. Effect of D2O on growth properties and chemical structure of annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) J. Agr. Food Chem. 2014 62 2595 2604 10.1021/jf4055566 24640947 · DOI
  46. [51]Sacchi G.A. Cocucci M. Effects of deuterium oxide on growth, proton extrusion, potassium influx, and in vitro plasma membrane activities in maize root segments Plant Physiol. 1992 100 1962 1967 10.1104/pp.100.4.1962 16653224 PMC1075891 · DOI
  47. [52]Saha S.K. Hayes J. Moane S. Murray P. Tagging of biomolecules with deuterated water (D2O) in commercially important microalgae Biotechnol. Lett. 2013 35 1067 1072 10.1007/s10529-013-1176-8 23479414 · DOI
  48. [53]Gireesh T. Jayadeep A. Rajasekharan K.N. Menon V.P. Vairamany M. Tang G. Nair P.P. Sudhakaran P.R. Production of deuterated b-carotene by metabolic labelling of Spirulina platensis Biotechnol. Lett. 2001 23 447 449 10.1023/A:1010378401621 · DOI
  49. [54]Cargnin S. Serafini M. Pirali T. A primer of deuterium in drug design Future Med. Chem. 2019 11 2039 2042 10.4155/fmc-2019-0183 31538524 · DOI
  50. [55]DeWitt S.H. Maryanoff B.E. Deuterated drug nolecules: Focus on FDA-approved deutetrabenazine Biochemistry 2018 57 472 473 10.1021/acs.biochem.7b00765 29160059 · DOI
  51. [56]Raffa R.B. Pergolizzi J.V. Taylor R. The First Approved “Deuterated” Drug: A Short Review of the Concept Pharmacol. Pharm. 2018 09 440 446 10.4236/pp.2018.910033 · DOI
  52. [57]Schmidt C. First deuterated drug approved Nat. Biotechnol. 2017 35 493 494 10.1038/nbt0617-493 28591114 · DOI
  53. [58]Blake M.I. Crespi H.L. Mohan V. Katz J.J. Isolation of fully deuterated metabolites from Scenedesmus obliquus grown in deuterium oxide J. Pharm. Sci. 1961 50 425 429 10.1002/jps.2600500512 · DOI
  54. [59]Hattori A. Crespi H.L. Katz J.J. Effect of side-chain deuteration on protein stability Biochemistry 1965 4 1213 1225 10.1021/bi00883a002 5856627 · DOI
  55. [60]Closs D.L. Katz J.J. Pennington M.R. Thomas H.R. Strain J. Hydrogen exchange at methine and C-10 positions in chlorophyll Amer. Chem. Soc. 1963 85 3809 10.1021/ja00906a020 · DOI
  56. [61]Doucha J. Lívanský K. Productivity, CO2/O2 exchange and hydraulics in outdoor open high density microalgal (Chlorella sp.) photobioreactors operated in a Middle and Southern European climate J. Appl. Phycol. 2006 18 811 826 10.1007/s10811-006-9100-4 · DOI · Paper page
  57. [62]Takeshita T. Takeda K. Ota S. Yamazaki T. Kawano S. A simple method for measuring the starch and ĺipid contents in the cell of microalgae Cytologia 2015 80 475 481 10.1508/cytologia.80.475 · DOI
  58. [63]Wanka F. Die bestimmung der nucleinsäuren in Chlorella pyrenoidosa Planta 1962 58 594 619 10.1007/BF01914751 · DOI
  59. [65]Decallonne J.R. Weyns C.J. A shortened procedure of the diphenylamine reaction for measurement of deoxyribonucleic acid by using light activation Anal. Biochem. 1976 74 448 456 10.1016/0003-2697(76)90225-6 986781 · DOI
  60. [66]Zachleder V. Optimization of nucleic acids assay in green and blue-green algae: Extraction procedures and the light-activated reaction for DNA Arch. Hydrobiol. Suppl. 67 Algol. Stud. 1984 36 313 328 10.1127/algol_stud/67/1984/313 · DOI
  61. [67]Miller G.L. Use of dinitrosalicylic acid reagent for determination of reducing sugar Anal. Chem. 1959 31 426 428 10.1021/ac60147a030 · DOI · Paper page
  62. [68]Metsoviti M.N. Papapolymerou G. Karapanagiotidis I.T. Katsoulas N. Effect of light intensity and quality on growth rate and composition of Chlorella vulgaris Plants 2019 9 10.3390/plants9010031 PMC7020147 31878279 · DOI
  63. [69]Barnett J.Z. Foy J. Malone R. Rusch K.A. Gutierrez-Wing M.T. Impact of light quality on a native Louisiana Chlorella vulgaris/Leptolyngbya sp. co-culture Eng. Life. Sci. 2017 17 678 685 10.1002/elsc.201600013 32624813 PMC6999351 · DOI
  64. [70]Borowitzka M.A. Energy from microalgae: A short history Algae for biofuels and energy Borowitzka M.A. Moheimani N.R. Springer Dordrecht, The Netherlands New York, NY, USA London, UK 2013 Developments in applied phycology 5 1 16
  65. [72]Schuler L. Greque de Morais E. Trovao M. Machado A. Carvalho B. Carneiro M. Maia I. Soares M. Duarte P. Barros A. Isolation and characterization of novel Chlorella vulgaris mutants with low chlorophyll and improved protein contents for food applications Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol. 2020 8 469 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00469 32509750 PMC7248561 · DOI
  66. [73]Al Jabri H. Taleb A. Touchard R. Saadaoui I. Goetz V. Pruvost J. Cultivating microalgae in desert conditions: Evaluation of the effect of light-temperature summer conditions on the growth and metabolism of Nannochloropsis QU130 Appl. Sci. 2021 11 10.3390/app11093799 · DOI
  67. [74]Levin G. Kulikovsky S. Liveanu V. Eichenbaum B. Meir A. Isaacson T. Tadmor Y. Adir N. Schuster G. The desert green algae Chlorella ohadii thrives at excessively high light intensities by exceptionally enhancing the mechanisms that protect photosynthesis from photoinhibition Plant J. 2021 10.1111/tpj.15232 33725388 · DOI
  68. [75]Treves H. Raanan H. Kedem I. Murik O. Keren N. Zer H. Berkowicz S.M. Giordano M. Norici A. Shotland Y. The mechanisms whereby the green alga Chlorella ohadii, isolated from desert soil crust, exhibits unparalleled photodamage resistance New Phytol. 2016 10.1111/nph.13870 26853530 · DOI
  69. [76]Treves H. Raanan H. Finkel O.M. Berkowicz S.M. Keren N. Shotland Y. Kaplan A. A newly isolated Chlorella sp. from desert sand crusts exhibits a unique resistance to excess light intensity FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. 2013 86 373 380 10.1111/1574-6941.12162 23773145 · DOI
  70. [77]Hemme D. Veyel D. Muhlhaus T. Sommer F. Juppner J. Unger A.K. Sandmann M. Fehrle I. Schonfelder S. Steup M. Systems-wide analysis of acclimation responses to long-term heat stress and recovery in the photosynthetic model organism Chlamydomonas reinhardtii Plant Cell 2014 26 4270 4297 10.1105/tpc.114.130997 25415976 PMC4277220 · DOI
  71. [79]Zachleder V. Brányiková I. Starch overproduction by means of algae Algal biorefineries Bajpai R.K. Prokop A. Zappi M. Springer Dordrecht, The Netherlands Heidelberg, Germany London, UK New York, NY, USA 2014 1: Cultivation of cells and products 217 240
  72. [80]Cedergreen N. Streibig J.C. Kudsk P. Mathiassen S.K. Duke S.O. The occurrence of hormesis in plants and algae Dose Response 2006 5 150 162 10.2203/dose-response.06-008.Cedergreen 18648603 PMC2477694 · DOI
  73. [81]Calabrese E.J. Mattson M.P. How does hormesis impact biology, toxicology, and medicine? NPJ Aging Mech. Dis. 2017 3 13 10.1038/s41514-017-0013-z 28944077 PMC5601424 · DOI · Paper page

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Zachleder, V., Kselíková, V., Ivanov, I. N., Bialevich, V., Vítová, M., Ota, S., Takeshita, T., Kawano, S., & Bišová, K.
Affiliations
  • Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Microbiology (CZ)
  • University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice (CZ)
  • National Institute for Environmental Studies (JP)
  • The University of Tokyo (JP)
Corresponding author
Bišová, Kateřina
ORCID
Venue
Cells
Publisher
MDPI AG
Published
2021-07-16
Volume
10
Issue
7
Pages
1806
ISSN
2073-4409 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.3390/cells10071806
PMC
PMC8306380
OpenAlex
W3186330788
Cited by
19
References
1
Citations by year
2026: 3 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 4
FWCI
0.52
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Cells (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Funders
  • Grantová Agentura České Republiky (17-06264S)
  • Institutional Research Concept (AVOZ61388971)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Energy › Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment › Algal biology and biofuel production
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Microbial Metabolic Engineering and Bioproduction
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Chemistry › Aquatic Ecosystems and Phytoplankton Dynamics
Keywords
Parachlorella kessleri, supraoptimal temperature, neutral lipids, multiple fission, synchronous culture, giant cells, heavy water, light intensity, algal biotechnology, microalgae
MeSH terms
Chlorophyta, Cell Division, Lipids, Starch, Temperature, Biomass, Lipid Metabolism, Microalgae

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review