The DOI matches its Crossref record; 156 of the 156 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Latest Developed Strategies to Minimize the Off-Target Effects in CRISPR-Cas-Mediated Genome Editing
Open accessAbstract
Gene editing that makes target gene modification in the genome by deletion or addition has revolutionized the era of biomedicine. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9 emerged as a substantial tool due to its simplicity in use, less cost and extraordinary efficiency than the conventional gene-editing tools, including zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs) and Transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs). However, potential off-target activities are crucial shortcomings in the CRISPR system. Numerous types of approaches have been developed to reduce off-target effects. Here, we review several latest approaches to reduce the off-target effects, including biased or unbiased off-target detection, cytosine or adenine base editors, prime editing, dCas9, Cas9 paired nickase, ribonucleoprotein (RNP) delivery and truncated gRNAs. This review article provides extensive information to cautiously interpret off-target effects to assist the basic and clinical applications in biomedicine.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Generally speaking, studies revealed that GC content of between 40% and 60%, truncated (short length of sgRNA), and incorporation of 2ʹ-O-methyl-3ʹ-phosphonoacetate in the sgRNA ribose-phosphate backbone are the preferred methods to increase genome editing efficiency of CRISPR/Cas-9.67,68”
From Mechanism and Applications of CRISPR/Cas-9-Mediated Genome Editing (2021) · cites this paper as [68]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“In this scenario, in silico tools are useful to search for potential off-target sites in the whole genome and calculate the likelihood of an off-target editing (Naeem et al., 2020).”
From Off-target effects in CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing (2023) · cites this paper as Naeem et al., 2020
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Generally speaking, studies revealed that GC content of between 40% and 60%, truncated (short length of sgRNA), and incorporation of 2ʹ-O-methyl-3ʹ-phosphonoacetate in the sgRNA ribose-phosphate backbone are the preferred methods to increase genome editing efficiency of CRISPR/Cas-9.67,68”
From Mechanism and Applications of CRISPR/Cas-9-Mediated Genome Editing (2021) · cites this paper as [68]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Generally speaking, studies revealed that GC content of between 40% and 60%, truncated (short length of sgRNA), and incorporation of 2ʹ-O-methyl-3ʹ-phosphonoacetate in the sgRNA ribose-phosphate backbone are the preferred methods to increase genome editing efficiency of CRISPR/Cas-9.67,68”
From Mechanism and Applications of CRISPR/Cas-9-Mediated Genome Editing (2021) · cites this paper as [68]
In the citing paper
“These unwanted mutations may cause a loss of gene function, can be oncogenic or present danger signals that could induce an immune response [109].”
From Immune responses to gene editing by viral and non-viral delivery vectors used in retinal gene therapy (2022) · cites this paper as [109]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Ultrafast and memory-efficient alignment of short DNA sequences to the human genome.
Langmead, B., Trapnell, C., Pop, M., & Salzberg, S. L. (2009) · Genome Biology · doi:10.1186/gb-2009-10-3-r25 · Cited by 21,849
A Programmable Dual-RNA–Guided DNA Endonuclease in Adaptive Bacterial Immunity
Jinek, M., Chylinski, K., Fonfara, I., Hauer, M., Doudna, J. A., & Charpentier, E. (2012) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1225829 · Cited by 17,116
Multiplex Genome Engineering Using CRISPR/Cas Systems
Cong, L., Ran, F. A., Cox, D., Lin, S., Barretto, R., Habib, N., Hsu, P. D., Wu, X., Jiang, W., Marraffini, L. A., et al. (2013) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1231143 · Cited by 15,339
RNA-Guided Human Genome Engineering via Cas9
Mali, P., Yang, L., Esvelt, K. M., Aach, J., Guell, M., DiCarlo, J. E., Norville, J. E., & Church, G. M. (2013) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1232033 · Cited by 9,210
Programmable editing of a target base in genomic DNA without double-stranded DNA cleavage
Komor, A. C., Kim, Y. B., Packer, M. S., Zuris, J. A., & Liu, D. R. (2016) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature17946 · Cited by 5,437
Aligning sequence reads, clone sequences and assembly con*gs with BWA-MEMPreprint
Li, H. (2014) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.963153.v1 · Cited by 5,155
Repurposing CRISPR as an RNA-Guided Platform for Sequence-Specific Control of Gene Expression
Qi, L. S., Larson, M. H., Gilbert, L. A., Doudna, J. A., Weissman, J. S., Arkin, A. P., & Lim, W. A. (2013) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2013.02.022 · Cited by 5,016
Search-and-replace genome editing without double-strand breaks or donor DNA
Anzalone, A. V., Randolph, P. B., Davis, J. R., Sousa, A. A., Koblan, L. W., Levy, J. M., Chen, P. J., Wilson, C., Newby, G. A., Raguram, A., et al. (2019) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1711-4 · Cited by 4,767
DNA targeting specificity of RNA-guided Cas9 nucleases
Hsu, P. D., Scott, D. A., Weinstein, J. A., Ran, F. A., Konermann, S., Agarwala, V., Li, Y., Fine, E. J., Wu, X., Shalem, O., et al. (2013) · Nature Biotechnology · doi:10.1038/nbt.2647 · Cited by 4,741
Optimized sgRNA design to maximize activity and minimize off-target effects of CRISPR-Cas9
Doench, J. G., Fusi, N., Sullender, M., Hegde, M., Vaimberg, E. W., Donovan, K. F., Smith, I., Tothova, Z., Wilen, C., Orchard, R., et al. (2016) · Nature Biotechnology · doi:10.1038/nbt.3437 · Cited by 4,637
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- Joung, 2015, Genomewide unbiased identification of DSBs evaluated by sequencing (GUIDE-seq), Nat. Biotechnol., 33, 187
- Lee, 2016, The Neisseria meningitidis CRISPR-Cas9 system enables specific genome editing in mammalian cells, Mol. Ther., 24, 645, 10.1038/mt.2016.8 · DOI
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Off-target effects in CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing
Guo, C., Ma, X., Gao, F., & Guo, Y. (2023) · Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology · doi:10.3389/fbioe.2023.1143157 · Cited by 704
“In this scenario, in silico tools are useful to search for potential off-target sites in the whole genome and calculate the likelihood of an off-target editing (Naeem et al., 2020).”
BackgroundMechanism and Applications of CRISPR/Cas-9-Mediated Genome Editing
Mengstie, M. A., & Wondimu, B. Z. (2021) · Biologics: Targets and Therapy · doi:10.2147/btt.s326422 · Cited by 478
Deletion and replacement of long genomic sequences using prime editing
Jiang, T., Zhang, X.-O., Weng, Z., & Xue, W. (2021) · Nature Biotechnology · doi:10.1038/s41587-021-01026-y · Cited by 207
Comprehensive Overview of Bottom-Up Proteomics Using Mass Spectrometry
Jiang, Y., Balaya, R. D. A., Schuster, D., Neely, B. A., Rosano, G. L., Volkmar, N., Momenzadeh, A., Peters-Clarke, T. M., Egbert, S., Kreimer, S. D., et al. (2024) · ACS Measurement Science Au · doi:10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.3c00068 · Cited by 217
Stimuli-Responsive Gene Delivery Nanocarriers for Cancer Therapy
Zhang, Q., Kuang, G., Li, W., Wang, J., Ren, H., & Zhao, Y. (2023) · Nano-Micro Letters · doi:10.1007/s40820-023-01018-4 · Cited by 191
Metadata
- Authors
- Naeem, M., Majeed, S., Hoque, M. Z., & Ahmad, I.
- Affiliations
- King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals (SA)
- Texas Tech University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Ahmad, Irshad
- Venue
- Cells
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2020-07-02
- Volume
- 9
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 1608
- ISSN
- 2073-4409 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC7407193
- OpenAlex
- W3038956601
- Cited by
- 457
- References
- 156
- Citations by year
- 2026: 33 · 2025: 73 · 2024: 93 · 2023: 89 · 2022: 89 · 2021: 73 · 2020: 7
- FWCI
- 6.17
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- dx.doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Cells (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals (31261)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › CRISPR and Genetic Engineering
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › RNA regulation and disease
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › RNA Interference and Gene Delivery
- Keywords
- CRISPR/Cas9, off-target effects, genome editing, off-target detection, base editors, prime editing, dCas9, Cas9 nickase, ribonucleoprotein delivery, zinc finger nucleases, TALEN
- MeSH terms
- Gene Editing, CRISPR-Associated Protein 9, RNA, Guide, CRISPR-Cas Systems, Animals, DNA Repair, Humans, Ribonucleoproteins, RNA, Guide, Kinetoplastida, CRISPR-Cas Systems
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
