The DOI matches its Crossref record; 20 of the 20 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Development of 3D Multicomponent Model for Cold Spray Process Using Nitrogen and Air
Open accessAbstract
Cold spray is a unique coating technology that allows for solid state deposition of particles under atmospheric pressure. In this paper, a three dimensional, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) multicomponent model is developed to estimate cold spray gas conditions involving both nitrogen and air. Calibration of the model followed by validation is accomplished by considering the thermal history of substrate exposed to cold spray supersonic jet. The developed holistic multicomponent model is effective in determining the state of gas and particles from injection point to the substrate surface with the advantage of optimizing very rapid cold spray deposition in nanoseconds. The validation of k-ε type CFD multicomponent model is done by using the temperature measured for a titanium substrate exposed to cold spray nitrogen at 800 °C and 3 MPa. Heat transfer and radiation are considered for the de Laval nozzle used in cold spray experiments. The calibrated multicomponent model has successfully estimated the state of propellant gas for the chosen high pressure and high temperature cold spray conditions. Moreover, the multicomponent model predictions are in good agreement with a previous holistic three dimensional cold spray model in which only nitrogen was used as the surrounding as well as the propellant gas.
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“The mesh near the nozzle throat, the area near the wall, and the free jet area was refined to capture the flow property changes due to the flow compressibility [35,36].”
From Cold Spray Process for Co-Deposition of Copper and Aluminum Particles (2023) · cites this paper as [35]
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Citations
Cites
The Science and Engineering of Thermal Spray Coatings
Pawłowski, L. (2008) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9780470754085 · Cited by 2,060
Jet Impingement Heat Transfer: Physics, Correlations, and Numerical Modeling
Zuckerman, N., & Noam Lior, B. (2006) · Advances in heat transfer · doi:10.1016/s0065-2717(06)39006-5 · Cited by 887
An Analysis of the Cold Spray Process and Its Coatings
Stoltenhoff, T., Kreye, H., & Richter, H. J. (2002) · Journal of Thermal Spray Technology · doi:10.1361/105996302770348682 · Cited by 605
Papyrin, A. N. (2001) · Cited by 562
Eddy Viscosity Transport Equations and Their Relation to the k-ε Model
Menter, F. R. (1997) · Journal of Fluids Engineering · doi:10.1115/1.2819511 · Cited by 359
Examination of the Critical Velocity for Deposition of Particles in Cold Spraying
Li, C., Li, W., & Liao, H. (2006) · Journal of Thermal Spray Technology · doi:10.1361/105996306x108093 · Cited by 265
Evaluation of boundary conditions used to model dilute, turbulent gas/solids flows in a pipe
Benyahia, S., Syamlal, M., & O'Brien, T. J. (2005) · Powder Technology · doi:10.1016/j.powtec.2005.04.002 · Cited by 173
Computational Fluid Dynamics Simulation of Supersonic Oxygen Jet Behavior at Steelmaking Temperature
Alam, M., Naser, J., & Brooks, G. A. (2010) · Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B · doi:10.1007/s11663-010-9341-0 · Cited by 129
Experimental study of titanium/aluminium deposits produced by cold gas dynamic spray
Novoselova, T. V., Fox, P., Morgan, R., & O’Neill, W. (2004) · Surface and Coatings Technology · doi:10.1016/j.surfcoat.2004.10.133 · Cited by 107
Yin, S., Wang, X., Bao-peng, X., & Li, W. (2010) · Journal of Thermal Spray Technology · doi:10.1007/s11666-010-9489-9 · Cited by 95
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- Schlichting, H. (1979). Boundary Layer Theory, McGraw-Hill.
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Sorted by citations
Multi-factor numerical simulation study on spray dust suppression device in coal mining process
Xu, C., Nie, W., Liu, Z., Peng, H., Yang, S., & Liu, Q. (2019) · Energy · doi:10.1016/j.energy.2019.05.201 · Cited by 253
Modelling of ventilation and dust control effects during tunnel construction
Zhou, W., Nie, W., Liu, C., Liu, Q., Hetang, W., Wei, C., Yan, J., Yin, S., Xiu, Z., & Xu, C. (2019) · International Journal of Mechanical Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.ijmecsci.2019.06.037 · Cited by 102
Numerical simulation of the multi-index orthogonal experiments on the spray dust-settling devices
Xu, C., Nie, W., Yang, S., Peng, H., Liu, Z., Ma, Q., Guo, C. J., & Liu, Q. (2020) · Powder Technology · doi:10.1016/j.powtec.2020.05.047 · Cited by 68
Particle Velocimetry, CFD, and the Role of Particle Sphericity in Cold Spray
Özdemir, O. Ç., Conahan, J. M., & Müftü, S. (2020) · Coatings · doi:10.3390/coatings10121254 · Cited by 43
Influence of Powder Injection Parameters in High-Pressure Cold Spray
Özdemir, O. Ç., & Widener, C. A. (2017) · Journal of Thermal Spray Technology · doi:10.1007/s11666-017-0606-x · Cited by 34
Metadata
- Authors
- Rab, M., Zahiri, S., Masood, S., Jahedi, M., & Nagarajah, R.
- Affiliations
- Faculty of Science Engineering and Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn Vic 3122, Australia
- CSIRO Manufacturing (AU)
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (AU)
- Swinburne University of Technology (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Masood, Syed
- Venue
- Coatings
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2015-10-16
- Volume
- 5
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 688-708
- ISSN
- 2079-6412 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2136328051
- Cited by
- 26
- References
- 20
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 2
- FWCI
- 3.87
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Coatings (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Swinburne figshare (Swinburne University of Technology) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Swinburne figshare (Swinburne University of Technology) (cc-by)
- Funders
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Surfaces, Coatings and Films › High-Temperature Coating Behaviors
- Physical Sciences › Chemical Engineering › Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes › Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Computational Mechanics › Fluid Dynamics and Heat Transfer
- Keywords
- cold spray, nitrogen propellant, supersonic jet, titanium substrate, thermal history, convergent-divergent nozzle, heat transfer, radiation, k-epsilon turbulence model, model calibration, coating deposition
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Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
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- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Development of 3D Multicomponent Model for Cold Spray Process Using Nitrogen and Air. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.3390/coatings5040688
- The paper
- Rab, M., Zahiri, S., Masood, S., Jahedi, M., & Nagarajah, R. (2015). Development of 3D Multicomponent Model for Cold Spray Process Using Nitrogen and Air. Coatings. https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings5040688
