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Biodiesel Is Dead: Long Life to Advanced Biofuels—A Comprehensive Critical Review
Open accessAbstract
Many countries are immersed in several strategies to reduce the carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions of internal combustion engines. One option is the substitution of these engines by electric and/or hydrogen engines. However, apart from the strategic and logistical difficulties associated with this change, the application of electric or hydrogen engines in heavy transport, e.g., trucks, shipping, and aircrafts, also presents technological difficulties in the short-medium term. In addition, the replacement of the current car fleet will take decades. This is why the use of biofuels is presented as the only viable alternative to diminishing CO2 emissions in the very near future. Nowadays, it is assumed that vegetable oils will be the main raw material for replacing fossil fuels in diesel engines. In this context, it has also been assumed that the reduction in the viscosity of straight vegetable oils (SVO) must be performed through a transesterification reaction with methanol in order to obtain the mixture of fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) that constitute biodiesel. Nevertheless, the complexity in the industrial production of this biofuel, mainly due to the costs of eliminating the glycerol produced, has caused a significant delay in the energy transition. For this reason, several advanced biofuels that avoid the glycerol production and exhibit similar properties to fossil diesel have been developed. In this way, “green diesels” have emerged as products of different processes, such as the cracking or pyrolysis of vegetable oil, as well as catalytic (hydro)cracking. In addition, some biodiesel-like biofuels, such as Gliperol (DMC-Biod) or Ecodiesel, as well as straight vegetable oils, in blends with plant-based sources with low viscosity have been described as renewable biofuels capable of performing in combustion ignition engines. After evaluating the research carried out in the last decades, it can be concluded that green diesel and biodiesel-like biofuels could constitute the main alternative to addressing the energy transition, although green diesel will be the principal option in aviation fuel.
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“The rationale behind this is the attempt to achieve a more sustainable fuel give the reduced sulfur content that a mixing with a bio-based fuel could provide, thus also reducing the carbon-related emissions [55].”
From Assessing the future prospects of emerging technologies for shipping and aviation biofuels: A critical review (2024) · cites this paper as [55]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Estevez, R., Aguado-Deblas, L., López-Tenllado, F. J., Luna, C., Calero, J., Romero, A. A., Bautista, F. M., & Luna, D.
- Affiliations
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Cordoba, Campus de Rabanales, Ed. Marie Curie, 14014 Cordoba, Spain
- University of Córdoba (ES)
- Corresponding author
- Luna, Diego
- ORCID
- Venue
- Energies
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2022-04-26
- Volume
- 15
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 3173
- ISSN
- 1996-1073 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W4224993394
- Cited by
- 54
- References
- 403
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 17 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 10
- FWCI
- 3.20
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Energies (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Universidad de Córdoba Insitutional Repository (Universidad de Córdoba) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Energy › Fuel Technology › Biodiesel Production and Applications
- Physical Sciences › Chemical Engineering › Catalysis › Catalysis and Hydrodesulfurization Studies
- Physical Sciences › Chemical Engineering › Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes › Advanced Combustion Engine Technologies
- Keywords
- advanced biofuels, biodiesel, renewable diesel, vegetable oils, fatty acid methyl esters, transesterification, catalytic cracking, pyrolysis, hydrocracking, dimethyl carbonate, straight vegetable oil, diesel engines, CO2 emission reduction, aviation fuel, energy transition
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