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Approaches to Disposal of Nuclear Waste
Open accessAbstract
We present a concise mini overview on the approaches to the disposal of nuclear waste currently used or deployed. The disposal of nuclear waste is the end point of nuclear waste management (NWM) activities and is the emplacement of waste in an appropriate facility without the intention to retrieve it. The IAEA has developed an internationally accepted classification scheme based on the end points of NWM, which is used as guidance. Retention times needed for safe isolation of waste radionuclides are estimated based on the radiotoxicity of nuclear waste. Disposal facilities usually rely on a multi-barrier defence system to isolate the waste from the biosphere, which comprises the natural geological barrier and the engineered barrier system. Disposal facilities could be of a trench type, vaults, tunnels, shafts, boreholes, or mined repositories. A graded approach relates the depth of the disposal facilities’ location with the level of hazard. Disposal practices demonstrate the reliability of nuclear waste disposal with minimal expected impacts on the environment and humans.
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Metadata
- Authors
- Ojovan, M. I., & Steinmetz, H. J.
- Affiliations
- Imperial College London (GB)
- FH Aachen (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Ojovan, Michael I.
- ORCID
- Ojovan, Michael I.
- Venue
- Energies
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2022-10-21
- Volume
- 15
- Issue
- 20
- Pages
- 7804
- ISSN
- 1996-1073 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W4307134794
- Cited by
- 132
- References
- 25
- Citations by year
- 2026: 31 · 2025: 32 · 2024: 38 · 2023: 29 · 2022: 2
- FWCI
- 15.98
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Energies (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality › Nuclear and radioactivity studies
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Materials Chemistry › Nuclear materials and radiation effects
- Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Inorganic Chemistry › Radioactive element chemistry and processing
- Keywords
- radioactive waste disposal, nuclear waste management, retention time, radiotoxicity, multi-barrier system, engineered barriers, geological barrier
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