Pellet as a Technological Nutrient within the Circular Economy Model: Comparative Analysis of Combustion Efficiency and CO and NOx Emissions for Pellets from Olive and Almond Trees
Open accessAbstract
This study analyzes the operation of Biomass System (BIO System) technology for the combustion of pellets from almond and olive trees within the circular economy model. Its aims are the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions as well as waste removal and its energy use by reintroducing that waste into the production process as technological nutrient. In order to do so, combustion efficiency under optimal conditions at nominal power was analyzed. In addition, a TESTO 350-XL analyzer was employed to measure CO and NOx emissions. High combustion efficiency values were obtained, 87.7% and 86.3%, for pellets from olive tree and almond tree, respectively. The results of CO and NOx emission levels were very satisfactory. Under conditions close to nominal power, CO emission levels were 225.3 ppm at 6% O2 for pellet from almond tree and 351.6 ppm at 6% O2 for pellet from olive tree. Regarding NOx emissions, the values were 365.8 ppm at 6% O2 and 333.2 ppm at 6% O2 for pellets from almond tree and olive tree, respectively. In general, these values were below those legally established by current legislation in European countries. Therefore, BIO System technology is a perfectly feasible option in terms of energy use and circular economy.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
A comprehensive technological infrastructure will involve understanding the technological nutrient within a CE for individual circular approaches and incorporating technological, business, sustainability, and organizational aspects.
“A comprehensive technological infrastructure will involve an understanding of the technological nutrient within a CE for individual circular approaches, as identified in [146], as well as the incorporation of technological, business, sustainability, and organizational aspects which multidisciplinarity can drive.”
From Digitisation and the Circular Economy: A Review of Current Research and Future Trends (2018) · cites this paper as [146]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
The citation lists haven’t been fetched yet
References 35 · Cited by 31
Research works printed but not linked: 3
- Chen, P.; Cheng, Y.; Deng, S.; Lin, X.; Huang, G.; Ruan, R. Utilization of almond residues. Int. J. Agric. Biol. Eng. 2010, 3, 1-18.
- Nogués, F.S.; García, D.; Rezeau, A. Energías Renovables-Energía de la Biomasa (Volumen I); Prensas Universitarias de Zaragoza: Zaragoza, Spain, 2010; pp. 1-557.
- Oravainen, H. Testing Methods and Emission Requirements for Small Boilers (<300 kW) in Europe; VTT Energy: Helsinki, Finland, 2000; pp. 1-13.
- Authors
- Molina-Moreno, V., Leyva-Díaz, J., & Sánchez-Molina, J.
- Affiliations
- Department of Management, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander (CO)
- Venue
- Energies
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2016-09-27
- Volume
- 9
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 777
- ISSN
- 1996-1073 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2524389012
- Cited by
- 31
- References
- 35
- Citations by year
- 2024: 2 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 6
- FWCI
- 2.73
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Energies (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Repositorio Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Institutional Repository of the University of Granada (University of Granada) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Científicas) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (ECO2010-15885 and ECO2013-47027-P)
- Andalusian Government (P11-SEJ-7294)
- European Union (ERDF funds)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Thermochemical Biomass Conversion Processes
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Forestry › Agricultural and Food Sciences
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Mechanics of Materials › Forest Biomass Utilization and Management
- Keywords
- biomass pellets, circular economy, combustion efficiency, carbon monoxide emissions, NOx emissions, biomass combustion, waste valorization, greenhouse gas emissions reduction
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
