Chondrocyte Spheroids Laden in GelMA/HAMA Hybrid Hydrogel for Tissue-Engineered Cartilage with Enhanced Proliferation, Better Phenotype Maintenance, and Natural Morphological Structure
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Three-dimensional cell-laden tissue engineering has become an extensive research direction. This study aimed to evaluate whether chondrocyte spheroids (chondro-spheroids) prepared using the hanging-drop method could develop better cell proliferation and morphology maintenance characteristics, and be optimized as a micro unit for cartilage tissue engineering. Chondro-spheroids were loaded into a cross-linkable hybrid hydrogel of gelatin methacrylate (GelMA) and hyaluronic acid methacrylate (HAMA) in vivo and in vitro. Cell proliferation, aggregation, cell morphology maintenance as well as cartilage-related gene expression and matrix secretion in vitro and in vivo were evaluated. The results indicated that compared with chondrocyte-laden hydrogel, chondro-spheroid-laden hydrogel enhanced proliferation, had better phenotype maintenance, and a more natural morphological structure, which made it appropriate for use as a micro unit in cartilage tissue engineering.
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The Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA) assesses anxiety with a cut-off value of 7 points.
“The scale used to assess anxiety is the Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA) [14], with a cut-off value of 7 points.”
From Mindfulness intervention, homogeneous medical concept, and concentrated solution nursing for colorectal cancer patients: a retrospective study (2024) · cites this paper as [14]
The Introduction and §4.1.1 use HAMA to mean methacrylated hyaluronic acid in a cartilage hydrogel. Searches for the Hamilton Anxiety Scale and a seven-point cut-off found no passage addressing an anxiety scale or its scoring, so this source cannot verify the claim. (LLM, conf=0.78)
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References 41 · Cited by 45
- Authors
- Wang, G., An, Y., Zhang, X., Ding, P., Bi, H., & Zhao, Z.
- Affiliations
- Peking University (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Bi, Hongsen
- Zhao, Zhenmin
- Venue
- Gels
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2021-12-02
- Volume
- 7
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 247
- ISSN
- 2310-2861 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC8701895
- OpenAlex
- W3216908213
- Cited by
- 45
- References
- 41
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 9
- FWCI
- 2.38
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Gels (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2020M670001ZX)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Medicine › Hydrogels: synthesis, properties, applications
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › 3D Printing in Biomedical Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Rheumatology › Osteoarthritis Treatment and Mechanisms
- Keywords
- cartilage tissue engineering, gelatin methacryloyl, hyaluronic acid methacrylate, hybrid hydrogels, cell proliferation, extracellular matrix secretion, cell-laden hydrogels
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