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Cited by 39Urban Stormwater Management SolutionsUrban Heat Island MitigationHydrology and Watershed Management Studies

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Urban Stormwater Temperature Surges: A Central US Watershed Study

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Zeiger, Sean, Hubbart, Jason·2015·Hydrology
DOI 10.3390/hydrology2040193
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Abstract

Impacts of urban land use can include increased stormwater runoff temperature (Tw) leading to receiving water quality impairment. There is therefore a need to target and mitigate sources of thermal pollution in urban areas. However, complex relationships between urban development, stormwater runoff and stream water heating processes are poorly understood. A nested-scale experimental watershed study design was used to investigate stormwater runoff temperature impacts to receiving waters in a representative mixed-use urbanizing watershed of the central US. Daily maximum Tw exceeded 35.0 °C (threshold for potential mortality of warm-water biota) at an urban monitoring site for a total of five days during the study period (2011–2013). Sudden increases of more than 1.0 °C within a 15 min time interval of Tw following summer thunderstorms were significantly correlated (CI = 95%; p < 0.01) to cumulative percent urban land use (r2 = 0.98; n = 29). Differences in mean Tw between monitoring sites were significantly correlated (CI = 95%; p = 0.02) to urban land use practices, stream distance and increasing discharge. The effects of the 2012 Midwest USA drought and land use on Tw were also observed with maximum Tw 4.0 °C higher at an urban monitoring site relative to a rural site for 10.5 h. The current work provides quantitative evidence of acute increases in Tw related to urban land use. Results better inform land managers wishing to create management strategies designed to preserve suitable thermal stream habitats in urbanizing watersheds.

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Figure 1 Location of gauging sites ( n = 5) and respective sub-basins in the Hinkson Creek Watershed, central Missouri, USA.
Figure 1 Location of gauging sites ( n = 5) and respective sub-basins in the Hinkson Creek Watershed, central Missouri, USA.CC-BY · From the PDF
Figure 2 Mean discharge above and below median values for each gauging site (WY 2011 to 2012) in Hinkson Creek Watershed, USA. The nested plot expands the >90% flow class for a total of 15 flow classes.
Figure 2 Mean discharge above and below median values for each gauging site (WY 2011 to 2012) in Hinkson Creek Watershed, USA. The nested plot expands the >90% flow class for a total of 15 flow classes.CC-BY · From the PDF
Figure 3 Mean stream water temperatures above and below median values for each gauging site (WY 2011 to 2012) in Hinkson Creek Watershed, USA. The nested plot expands the >90% flow class for a total of 15 flow classes.
Figure 3 Mean stream water temperatures above and below median values for each gauging site (WY 2011 to 2012) in Hinkson Creek Watershed, USA. The nested plot expands the >90% flow class for a total of 15 flow classes.CC-BY · From the PDF
Figure 4 Stream water temperature surges sensed at gauging sites in Hinkson Creek following a summer thunderstorm near sunset during summer 2011. The black circles mark the peak Tw surges and the arrows track the Tw surges downstream from sites #3 through #5.
Figure 4 Stream water temperature surges sensed at gauging sites in Hinkson Creek following a summer thunderstorm near sunset during summer 2011. The black circles mark the peak Tw surges and the arrows track the Tw surges downstream from sites #3 through #5.CC-BY · From the PDF
Figure 5 Plume of heated stormwater sensed in Hinkson Creek after a summer thunderstorm during summer 2011. The black circles mark the peak Tw after the increase in discharge and the arrows track the event downstream from sites #3 through #5.
Figure 5 Plume of heated stormwater sensed in Hinkson Creek after a summer thunderstorm during summer 2011. The black circles mark the peak Tw after the increase in discharge and the arrows track the event downstream from sites #3 through #5.CC-BY · From the PDF
Figure 6 Two stream water temperature surges sensed at site #3 in Hinkson Creek following a summer thunderstorm during summer 2012. The black circles mark the peak Tw following the increase in discharge at site #3 and the arrows track the event downstream from site #2 to site #3.
Figure 6 Two stream water temperature surges sensed at site #3 in Hinkson Creek following a summer thunderstorm during summer 2012. The black circles mark the peak Tw following the increase in discharge at site #3 and the arrows track the event downstream from site #2 to site #3.CC-BY · From the PDF

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Research works printed but not linked: 33

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Metadata

Authors
Zeiger, S., & Hubbart, J.
Affiliations
University of Missouri (US)
Corresponding author
Hubbart, Jason
ORCID
Venue
Hydrology
Publisher
MDPI AG
Published
2015-10-28
Volume
2
Issue
4
Pages
193-209
ISSN
2306-5338 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.3390/hydrology2040193
OpenAlex
W1870876272
Cited by
39
References
0
Citations by year
2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 3
FWCI
2.63
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Hydrology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
Funders
  • U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (G08-NPS-17)
  • Missouri Department of Natural Resources (G08-NPS-17)
  • Missouri Department of Conservation
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Engineering › Urban Stormwater Management Solutions
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Engineering › Urban Heat Island Mitigation
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Water Science and Technology › Hydrology and Watershed Management Studies
Keywords
urban land use, stream temperature, receiving water quality, thunderstorms, urbanizing watersheds, river discharge

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CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Urban Stormwater Temperature Surges: A Central US Watershed Study. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.3390/hydrology2040193
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Zeiger, S., & Hubbart, J. (2015). Urban Stormwater Temperature Surges: A Central US Watershed Study. Hydrology. https://doi.org/10.3390/hydrology2040193