The DOI matches its Crossref record; 6 of the 6 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Gender Inequality and the Sexual and Reproductive Health Status of Young and Older Women in the Afar Region of Ethiopia
Open accessAbstract
The main purpose of this research was to analyze gender context in the Afar region of Ethiopia and propose a set of strategies or actions to improve adolescent and youth health. Using a pre-established gender analysis framework, an explorative qualitative study was conducted in five districts. Sixteen key informants and eight focus group discussions were conducted among adult women and men of young adolescents and youth. The study revealed that younger and older women are the most disadvantaged groups of the society. This is due to the high workload on women and girls (housekeeping, building a house and taking care of cattle and children), they also are less valued, have no control over resources and have no part in decision making, including their personal life choices. As a result, they rarely access school and health facilities. They are forced get married according to arranged marriage called “absuma.” As such, they suffer from multiple reproductive health problems. Women have poor decision-making autonomy, lack control over resources, have limited participation in socio-economic practices, and experience child and early forced marriage, and this poor service utilization has exposed them to the worst sexual and reproductive health outcomes.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Due to the limited resources and reduced capacity to protect their rights, the regional government of Afar has failed to respond to the needs of women [37].”
From Spatial Distribution and Determinants of Early Marriage among Married Women in Ethiopia: A spatial and Multilevel Analysis (2020) · cites this paper as [37]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Additionally, in the Afar region, young women are less valued, have no control over resources, and have low decision-making power both at home and within the community, including their personal life choices.”
From Spatial Distribution and Determinants of Early Marriage among Married Women in Ethiopia: A spatial and Multilevel Analysis (2020) · cites this paper as [37]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“As a result of this rigid culture and tradition of marriage make young women forced to get married at early age [37].”
From Spatial Distribution and Determinants of Early Marriage among Married Women in Ethiopia: A spatial and Multilevel Analysis (2020) · cites this paper as [37]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Ethiopia demographic and health survey, 2000
Central Statistical Agency, & Ethiopia (2017) · Cited by 3,873
Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
Müller, F. (2015) · PERIPHERIE – Politik • Ökonomie • Kultur · doi:10.3224/peripherie.v35i140.23001 · Cited by 526
Intimate partner violence during pregnancy and adverse birth outcomes: a case-control study
Berhanie, E., Gebregziabher, D., Berihu, H., Gerezgiher, A., & Kidane, G. (2019) · Reproductive Health · doi:10.1186/s12978-019-0670-4 · Cited by 166
Inequalities in maternal health care utilization in Benin: a population based cross-sectional study
Yaya, S., Uthman, O. A., Amouzou, A., Ekholuenetale, M., & Bishwajit, G. (2018) · BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth · doi:10.1186/s12884-018-1846-6 · Cited by 121
Nigussie, A., Hoag, D. L. K., & Alemu, T. (2014) · Cited by 11
1 Property Rights among Afar Pastoralists of Northeastern Ethiopia: Forms, Changes and Conflicts By
Hundie, B. (2006) · Digital Library Of The Commons Repository (Indiana University) · Cited by 6
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- Hofferth, S.L., and Hayes, C.D. (1987). National Research Council. The Children of Teen Childbearers. Risking the Future: Adolescent Sexuality, Pregnancy, and Childbearing, Volume II: Working Papers and Statistical Appendices, National Academies Press (US). Chapter 8.
- (2020, June 07). Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopian, The Criminal Code of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopian, in Proclamation No.414/2004. Available online: https://www.wipo.int/edocs/lexdocs/laws/en/et/et011en.pdf.
Cited by
Muluneh, M. D., Francis, L., Agho, K., & Stulz, V. M. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph18094407 · Cited by 81
Self-citationUnveiling barriers to reproductive health awareness among rural adolescents: a systematic review
Wahyuningsih, S., Widati, S., Praveena, S. M., & Azkiya, M. W. (2024) · Frontiers in Reproductive Health · doi:10.3389/frph.2024.1444111 · Cited by 56
Alem, A. Z., Yeshaw, Y., Kebede, S. A., Liyew, A. M., Tesema, G. A., Agegnehu, C. D., & Teshale, A. B. (2020) · BMC Women's Health · doi:10.1186/s12905-020-01070-x · Cited by 39
Muluneh, M. D., Francis, L., Ayele, M., Abebe, S., Makonnen, M., & Stulz, V. M. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph18126550 · Cited by 37
Self-citationZegeye, A. F., Kassahun, C. W., & Temachu, Y. Z. (2023) · BMC Women s Health · doi:10.1186/s12905-023-02176-8 · Cited by 29
Abate, H. K., & Mekonnen, C. K. (2020) · Infection and Drug Resistance · doi:10.2147/idr.s282792 · Cited by 27
Muluneh, M. D., Alemu, Y. W., & Meazaw, M. W. (2021) · International Journal for Equity in Health · doi:10.1186/s12939-020-01355-5 · Cited by 26
Semahegn, A., Adinew, Y. M., Tiruneh, G. T., Argaw, M. D., Shiferaw, B. B., Tesfaye, M., Fesseha, N., Tiku, S. H., Gebrehiwet, A., Girma, A., et al. (2025) · PLOS Global Public Health · doi:10.1371/journal.pgph.0004813 · Cited by 25
Abate, H. K., & Mekonnen, C. K. (2020) · Open Access Emergency Medicine · doi:10.2147/oaem.s290074 · Cited by 23
Reducing gender inequalities through land titling? The case of Gozamin Woreda
Mengesha, A. K., Damyanovic, D., Mansberger, R., Agegnehu, S. K., & Stoeglehner, G. (2021) · World Development · doi:10.1016/j.worlddev.2021.105532 · Cited by 23
Zepro, N. B., Ali, N. T., Tarr, N., Medhanyie, A. A., Paris, D. H., Probst-Hensch, N. M., & Merten, S. (2023) · BMC Health Services Research · doi:10.1186/s12913-023-09616-z · Cited by 22
Griffin, S., de Melo, M. S. I., Picardo, J. J., Sheehy, G., Madsen, E., Matine, J., & Dijkerman, S. (2023) · Adolescents · doi:10.3390/adolescents3020024 · Cited by 16
Tessema, Z. T., Tebeje, T. M., & Gebrehewet, L. G. (2022) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0275586 · Cited by 15
Mapping of Intimate Partner Violence: Evidence From a National Population Survey
Muluneh, M. D., Francis, L., Agho, K., & Stulz, V. M. (2021) · Journal of Interpersonal Violence · doi:10.1177/0886260521997954 · Cited by 14
Self-citationDoes Voluntary Family Planning Contribute to Food Security? Evidence from Ethiopia
Assefa, G. M., Muluneh, M. D., Tsegaye, S., Abebe, S., Makonnen, M., Kidane, W., Negash, K., Getaneh, A., & Stulz, V. M. (2023) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu15051081 · Cited by 10
Self-citationKarri, B., & Mathew, G. S. (2022) · Cogent Social Sciences · doi:10.1080/23311886.2022.2106649 · Cited by 8
Kebede, Y., Teshome, F., Binu, W., Kebede, A., Seid, A., Kasaye, H. K., Alemayehu, Y. K., Tekalign, W., Medhin, G., Abera, Y., et al. (2023) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0282711 · Cited by 7
Wube, T. B., Asgedom, S. G., Abraha, D. G., & Gebrekirstos, L. G. (2025) · Global Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/j.gloepi.2025.100195 · Cited by 7
Egbende, L., Mayala, V., Mbunga, B. K., Viberg, N., Mapatano, M. A., Alfvén, T., & Åkerman, E. (2024) · Global Health Action · doi:10.1080/16549716.2024.2429631 · Cited by 5
Melkam, M., Asnake, A. A., Negussie, Y. M., Bezie, M. M., Asmare, Z. A., Asebe, H. A., Seifu, B. L., & Fente, B. M. (2024) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1402704 · Cited by 4
Simegn, A., Zeleke, S., Asferie, W. N., Munye, T., Kefale, D., Demis, S., Tesfahun, Y., Teshome, D., Goshu, Y. A., & Kassaw, A. (2025) · Conflict and Health · doi:10.1186/s13031-025-00678-w · Cited by 4
Mandosir, Y. M., Irab, S. P., Mollet, G. C. C., Irmanto, M., Palela, D., Renyaan, D., Rumaropen, N. F., Tangkudung, A. W. A., Sugiharto, S., Sinaga, E., et al. (2023) · Universal Journal of Public Health · doi:10.13189/ujph.2023.110513 · Cited by 4
Comparative Study of Entrepreneurial Orientation and Financial Management Strategies in Women MSMEs
Supeni, R. E., & Sari, M. I. (2025) · Jurnal Ilmiah Manajemen Kesatuan · doi:10.37641/jimkes.v13i3.3189 · Cited by 4
Wondmeneh, T. G., & Giruma, A. (2025) · Maternal and Child Nutrition · doi:10.1111/mcn.13808 · Cited by 3
Which older people in the community have the highest clinical-functional vulnerability?
Alves, A. M., Andrade, N. D. O., Facina, M. E. L., Melo, B. R. D. S., Gratão, A. C. M., Martins, T. C. R., & Luchesi, B. M. (2021) · Geriatrics Gerontology and Aging · doi:10.53886/gga.e0210031 · Cited by 3
Afandi, I. (2022) · Widyaparwa · doi:10.26499/wdprw.v50i1.870 · Cited by 3
violencia contra las mujeres por causa de honor y sus diversas manifestaciones:
Estiarte, C. V., & Pérez, B. P. (2025) · Indret: Revista para el Análisis del Derecho · doi:10.31009/indret.2025.i1.10 · Cited by 2
Oladeji, O., Battle, J. D., & Ahmed, H. (2022) · Advances in Research · doi:10.9734/air/2022/v23i6919 · Cited by 1
Which older people in the community have the highest clinical-functional vulnerability?
Alves, A. M., Andrade, N. D. O., Facina, M. E. L., Melo, B. R. D. S., Gratão, A. C. M., Martins, T. C. R., & Luchesi, B. M. (2021) · Geriatrics Gerontology and Aging · doi:10.53886/gga.e0210027 · Cited by 1
Gender Biasness and Its Implications in Girl’s Education
Floranza, J. M., & Suresh, B. (2022) · Technoarete Transactions on Advances in Social Sciences and Humanities · doi:10.36647/ttassh/02.03.a005 · Cited by 1
Amahazion, F. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-68127-2_400-1 · Cited by 1
Empowerment of Women in Rural Populations Through a Social Responsibility Program
Morales, A. E. P., León, M. Y. O., Becerra, T. I. A., Arana, F. E. A., Chávez, P. V. A., & Farroñán, E. V. R. (2023) · Journal of Educational and Social Research · doi:10.36941/jesr-2023-0144 · Cited by 1
Maity, V., & Sikdar, D. P. (2023) · World Journal of Current Medical and Pharmaceutical Research · doi:10.37022/wjcmpr.v5i6.305 · Cited by 1
Inclusive Participatory Research Through PhotoVoice: A Study on WASH and Nutrition in Afar, Ethiopia
Kelln, J., Richter, L., & Fostvedt-Mills, C. (2022) · OpenDocs (Institute of Development Studies) · doi:10.19088/slh.2022.011
Yadesa, G., Bala, E. T., Kolola, T., & Solbana, L. K. (2024) · Health Science Reports · doi:10.1002/hsr2.2099
Fundamentos teóricos de la violencia por causa de honor. Revisión del estado de la cuestión
Rodríguez, M. V. S. M., & Estiarte, C. V. (2025) · FEMERIS Revista Multidisciplinar de Estudios de Género · doi:10.20318/femeris.2025.9743
Okoye, H. U. (2024) · cIRcle (University of British Columbia) · doi:10.14288/1.0445007
Ženske, vera in kultura: krepitev moči skozi inkulturacijsko teologijo
Pinem, M. L., Martasudjita, E. P. D., & Simarmata, P. S. (2025) · Bogoslovni vestnik · doi:10.34291/bv2025/04/pinem
Reproducing honor: Child marriage within symbolic and communal power relations in East Kalimantan
Murlianti, S., Hidayah, A., Hakim, A. Q. D., Mahendra, I. A., Malik, R. S., & Ali, A. H. (2025) · JURNAL ILMU SOSIAL · doi:10.14710/jis.24.2.2025.391-408
Marin, L., Ambrosini, G., Valentini, E., CONLEY, J., & Andrisani, A. (2026) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph23020231
Mohammed, M. A. (2026) · The International Journal of Children s Rights · doi:10.1163/15718182-20262006
Violencia por causa de honor: Experiencias de victimización
Estiarte, C. V. (2026) · IgualdadES · doi:10.18042/cepc/igdes.14.01
Petitfour, L., Srivastava, S., Shah-Rohlfs, R., Quentin, W., & Allegri, M. D. (2026) · BMJ Public Health · doi:10.1136/bmjph-2024-002276
Taye, B., Cash‐Gibson, L., Tesfa, E., & Dessie, B. A. (2026) · Philosophy Ethics and Humanities in Medicine · doi:10.1186/s13010-026-00228-z
Metadata
- Authors
- Dessalegn, M., Ayele, M., Hailu, Y., Addisu, G., Abebe, S., Solomon, H., Mogess, G., & Stulz, V.
- Affiliations
- Amref Health Africa (KE)
- Amref Health Africa in Ethiopia, Monitoring, Evaluation and Research Department, Addis Ababa P O Box 20855 Code 1000, Ethiopia
- Western Sydney University (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Dessalegn, Muluken
- Venue
- International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2020-06-26
- Volume
- 17
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 4592
- ISSN
- 1660-4601 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC7344930
- OpenAlex
- W3037016771
- Cited by
- 38
- References
- 6
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 3
- FWCI
- 8.69
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- dx.doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Gender, Health, and Social Inequality
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health
- Social Sciences › Education › Gender, Education, and Development Issues
- Keywords
- gender inequality, sexual and reproductive health, adolescent health, young women, older women, Afar region, arranged marriage, early marriage, decision-making autonomy, women's workload, health care access, gender analysis framework
- MeSH terms
- Sexual Health, Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Child, Ethiopia, Female, Humans, Reproduction, Socioeconomic Factors, Women's Health, Health Status Disparities, Reproductive Health, Sexism
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
