The DOI matches its Crossref record; 35 of the 35 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Systematic Review of Therapeutic Physical Exercise in Patients with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis over Time
Open accessPublished version of a preprint
Abstract
Background: the main objective of this study was to analyze the potential short-, medium- and long-term effects of a therapeutic physical exercise (TFE) programme on the functionality of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients, measured with the Revised Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Functional Scale (ALSFRS-R) scale. Methods: a systematic review of the PubMed, SCOPUS, Cochrane, Scientific Electronic Library Online (Scielo), Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro), Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) and Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDline) databases was carried out. The information was filtered using the following Medical Subjects Heading (MeSH) terms: “Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis”, “Physical Therapy”, and “Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine”. The internal validity of the selected documents was evaluated using the PEDro scale. The study included clinical trials published in the last 5 years in which one of the interventions was therapeutic physical exercise in patients with ALS, using the ALSFRS-R as the main outcome variable and functional variables as secondary variables. Results: 10 clinical trials were analyzed, with an internal validity of 5–7 points. The TFE groups showed significant short-, medium- and long-term differences, obtaining a mean difference of 5.8 points compared to the 7.6 points obtained by the control groups, at six months, measured with ALSFRS-R. In addition, the participants showed significant improvements in functional abilities in the short, medium and long terms. Conclusions: Therapeutic physical exercise could contribute to slowing down the deterioration of the musculature of patients with ALS, thus facilitating their performance in activities of daily living, based on the significant differences shown by these individuals in the short, medium and long term both in subjective perception, measured with ALSFRS-R, and functional capacities.
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“These beneficial changes underscore the importance of exercise in preventing and slowing the progression of ageing as well as neurodegenerative diseases.504–508”
From Antiageing strategy for neurodegenerative diseases: from mechanisms to clinical advances (2025) · cites this paper as [505]
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“A systematic review published in 2021 identified that therapeutic physical exercise could contribute to slowing down the deterioration of the musculature of patients with ALS and facilitating the performance in daily life activities in the short-, medium, and long term (Ortega-Hombrados et al., 2021).”
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“Multiple trials recommend regular moderate muscle strengthening training and aerobic exercises at submaximal effort (3).”
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“In addition, they share the line of work of other interventions, such as therapeutic programs of moderate physical activity, specific for ALS patients with increases in muscle tone between 5 and 6% [58].”
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“First, the efficacy of EI may vary depending on the stage of ALS 54,55 , potentially leading to bias in interpreting the intervention’s results.”
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“As an established measure of physical function in MND [33], the distance walked during the 6MWT can be used as a surrogate outcome measure, alongside other measures of function, to evaluate covariance with data obtained from prospective technologies.”
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“In ALS, skeletal muscle metabolism during rest and exercise is altered in both pre-clinical models and patients [67–70], which could alter how ALS muscle adapts to different types of exercises and the overall beneficial vs detrimental outcomes [62, 63].”
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“However, emerging research suggests that low to moderate intensity exercise may slow muscle deterioration and strengthen healthy nerves and muscles (Ortega-Hombrados et al., 2021).”
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Metadata
- Authors
- Ortega-Hombrados, L., Molina-Torres, G., Galán-Mercant, A., Sánchez-Guerrero, E., González-Sánchez, M., & Ruiz-Muñoz, M.
- Affiliations
- Universidad de Cádiz (ES)
- Department of Nursing Sciences, Physiotherapy and Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain
- Institute of Biomedicine of Málaga (IBIMA), 29010 Málaga, Spain
- ORCID
- Venue
- International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2021-01-26
- Volume
- 18
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 1074
- ISSN
- 1660-4601 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC7908444
- OpenAlex
- W3124148958
- Cited by
- 62
- References
- 35
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 21 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 2
- FWCI
- 1.28
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Preprints.org (acceptedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- RISalud Institutional Health Repository of Andalucía (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Científicas) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Científicas) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- Repositorio de Patentes de la Universidad de Almería (Universidad de Almería) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- RODIN (Universidad de Cádiz) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Rehabilitation › Stroke Rehabilitation and Recovery
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Spinal Cord Injury Research
- Keywords
- amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, exercise therapy, ALSFRS-R, functional capacity, activities of daily living, long-term outcomes, rehabilitation
- MeSH terms
- Activities of Daily Living, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, Exercise Therapy, Humans, Exercise, Physical Therapy Modalities
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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